تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، ویژگی‌های ضداکسایشی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس دانه گشنیز بر تعدادی از میکروارگانیسم‌های بیماری‌زا

در طب سنتی ایران از دانه‌های گشنیز به‌طور گسترده به‌منظور درمان بیماری استفاده می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش، شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی، قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و بررسی فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس دانه گشنیز بود. ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس دانه گشنیز با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنجی جرمی شناسایی شد. فنول کل و قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌ترتیب با روش‌های فولین سیوکالتو، رادیکال‌هایabts و dpph اندازه‌گیری گردید. قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی اسانس با آنتی‌اکسیدان سنتزی bhaدر غلظت 100 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر مقایسه شد. فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس دانه گشنیز با روش‌های انتشار در آگار به کمک دیسک (کربی بوئر)، حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی برای باکتری‌های باسیلوس سرئوس، سالمونلا تیفی، اشرشیا کلی و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا تعیین گردید. براساس نتایج آنالیزهای شیمیایی، اسانس دانه گشنیز غنی از مونوترپن‌های اکسیژن‌دار (89.94%) بود. ترکیب عمده اسانس دانه گشنیز لینالول (76.75%) بود. بیشترین درصد مهار رادیکال آزاد برای dpph، 53.75% و برای abts، 66.60% در غلظت ppm 900 مشاهده شد. مقدار فنول کل موجود در اسانس mg gae/g 0.02± 38.04 بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین قطر هاله عدم رشد به‌ترتیب مربوط به باکتری باسیلوس سرئوس (30.30 میلی‌متر) و سالمونلا تیفی (23.15میلی‌متر) بود. حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی اسانس دانه گشنیز برای باکتری‌های باسیلوس سرئوس، اشرشیا کلی، سودوموناس ائروژینوز و سالمونلا تیفی به‌ترتیب برابر با 2، 4، 4 و4 میلی‌گرم بر میلی‌لیتر بود. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که اسانس دانه گشنیز داری فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی کمتر از آنتی‌اکسیدان سنتزی bha بود.

Determination of chemical composition, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of coriander seed essential oil on a number of pathogenic microorganisms

Introduction: Essential oils and secondary metabolites of plants have too many uses in medicine as well as food and hygiene industries. The herbal essential oils include different health features including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Several forms of the activated oxygen, also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), include free radicals and nonfree radical species. In traditional Iranian medicine, coriander seeds are widely used to treat the disease. The objectives of this paper were to identify the chemical compounds and to measure the phenol content and the antioxidant potential of coriander seed essential oil in addition to its free radical scavenging activity. The other aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial of coriander seed essential oil on Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa “in vitro”.; ;Materials and methods: In this research, the coriander seed essential oil (100 g) was extraction using waterdistillation method with clevenger apparatus. Afterwards, coriander seed essential oil was collected in vials which had already been weighed by a 0.0001 balance and stored at 4 °C until testing. Chemical composition of coriander seed essential oil was determined using gas chromatography. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2’azinobis (3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicles, respectively. The method of FolinCiocalteu was performed through determination of TPC. The result was reported as mg of gallic acid/g of the dried coriander seed essential oil. The antioxidant potential of the essential oil was compared with BHA synthetic antioxidant at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Antibacterial activity of coriander essential oil was determined by disc diffusion agar (KirbyBauer test), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods.; ;Results and discussion: Based on the results of chemical analysis, the coriander seed essential oil was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (89.94%). The main compound of coriander seed essential oil was Linalool (76.75%). The highest percentage of free radical scavenging for DPPH was 53.5% and for ABTS 66.6% at 900 ppm concentration. The total phenol content essential oil was 38.04 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g. The result show that, the most sensitive and the most resistant bacteria with diameter inhibition zone 30.30 mm and 23.15 mm were Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi respectively. MIC of coriander seed essential oil for Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 2, 4, 4 and 4 mg/ml respectively. MBC of coriander seed essential oil for Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 512, gt; 512, gt; 512 and 512 mg/ml respectively. In general, the results indicated that the coriander seed essential oil was effective on microorganisms; nevertheless, the extent of its effectiveness varied depending on the type of microorganism. The grampositive bacteria are more sensitive to essential oil rather than gramnegative ones. The higher resistance of gramnegative bacteria to the essential oils of medicinal plants could be attributed to the more complex structure of the cell membrane of these bacteria compared with the single layer structure of the grampositive ones. The results of this study revealed that coriander seed essential oil had less antioxidant activity than synthetic antioxidant BHA. Antibacterial activity of the essential oil was higher than the gentamicin antibiotic. Regarding the chemical compositions identified in the coriander seed essential oil, these compositions could be employed as an important economical source uses in medicine as we as food and hygiene industries.