اثر نامتقارن شوک‌های نابرابری جنسیتی نیروی کار بر رشد اقتصادی ایران

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی اثر نامتقارن شوک‌های نابرابری جنسیتی نیروی کار بر رشد اقتصادی ایران است. در این راستا از روش ardl غیرخطی برای بازه زمانی 1345 تا 1395 استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از تخمین نشان داد که یک شوک مثبت یا منفی در نابرابری جنسیتی، اثرات نامتقارنی بر رشد اقتصادی به جا می‌گذارد. علاوه براین،  اثرات کوتاه‌مدت یک شوک نابرابری جنسیتی، نیز متفاوت از اثرات بلندمدت آن است. در بلندمدت، شوک مثبت سهم اشتغال زنان، اثر منفی و معنی‌دار؛ و شوک منفی سهم اشتغال زنان، اثر مثبت بر رشد اقتصادی دارد؛ در کوتاه‌مدت  نیز شوک مثبت سهم اشتغال زنان اثر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر رشد اقتصادی دارد، در مقابل شوک منفی سهم اشتغال زنان با یک دوره تاخیر، اثر منفی بر رشد اقتصادی داشته است.

Asymmetric Effect of Shocks of Labor Force Gender Inequality on Iran’s Economic Growth

The main objective of this research is to investigate the asymmetric effects of labor force gender inequality shocks on Iran’s economic growth. In this regard, the nonlinear ARDL method has been used for the period 1345 to 1395. The results of the estimation showed that a positive or negative shock in gender inequality would have asymmetric effects on economic growh. The results also showed that the shortterm effects of gender inequality shock are different from its longterm effects. The results showed that, the positive shock of the female employment share, in the long run, had a negative and significant effect; and the negative shock of women’s employment share had a positive effect on economic growth; but in the short run, the results showed that the positive shock of women’s employment has a significant positive effect on economic growth. In contrast to the negative shock, the share of women’s employment with a lag period has a negative effect on economic growth, suggesting that reducing the share of men’s employment and moving towards gender equality in employment will result economic growth in shortterm.The results showed that, the positive shock of the female employment share, in the long run, had a negative and significant effect; and the negative shock of women’s employment share had a positive effect on economic growth; but in the short run, the results showed that the positive shock of women’s employment has a significant positive effect on economic growth. In contrast to the negative shock, the share of women’s employment with a lag period has a negative effect on economic growth, suggesting that reducing the share of men’s employment and moving towards gender equality in employment will result economic growth in shortterm.