navigating challenges in tobacco control policy and legislation: operational strategies for success

Background: tobacco use is a leading contributor to fatalities and long-term health conditions. in addition to significant health risks, its use has diverse economic, political, and social implications. objectives: therefore, the present study aimed to identify the challenges in establishing policies and legislation related to tobacco control and propose effective strategies for managing these issues. methods: this qualitative study employed content analysis and was conducted in 2023. a semi-structured interview, guided by an interview protocol, was conducted with 21 policymakers and legislators involved in tobacco control in iran. a purposive sampling strategy was used to identify participants with varied knowledge and direct engagement in tobacco policy development and control. the data were analyzed using graneheim and lundman’s method and maxqda software version 2020. results: the findings of the study revealed three key challenges in the development of tobacco control policies and legislation in iran: policy-making, changing consumption patterns, and enforcing laws and regulations. additionally, 43 subthemes were identified. two primary themes emerged: policy development and enforcement of laws and regulations, along with 16 subthemes that serve as strategies for addressing the challenges in policy formation and legislative processes. conclusions: the challenges related to tobacco control in iran encompass legislative, economic, and societal factors. addressing these challenges requires a holistic, evidence-based, and coordinated approach, including legislative changes, law enforcement, public health initiatives, and cross-sector collaboration to achieve sustainable change.