effectiveness of transdiagnostic therapy based on the research domain criteria framework compared with treatment as usual and transcranial direct current stimulation for adult nonsuicidal self-injury: a randomized controlled trial

Background: nonsuicidal self-injury (nssi) is a serious and prevalent problem among the adult population. despite its significant issue in clinical settings, there is a lack of effective, evidence-based, and affordable treatment options for nssi. objectives: this study aimed to compare the efficacies of transdiagnostic therapy based on the research domain criteria framework (ttb-rdoc) with treatment as usual (tau) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) in the treatment of adult nssi. methods: a total of 68 males aged 18-30 years diagnosed with nssi participated in this randomized controlled trial (rct). participants were randomly assigned to 3 groups: ttb-rdoc (n = 24), tau (n = 22), and tdcs (n = 22). nonsuicidal self-injury and transdiagnostic symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and during a 12-month follow-up. results: both tau and ttb-rdoc treatments resulted in significantly lower ratings across all measures compared to tdcs at post-treatment (all p values < 0.001). tau and ttb-rdoc showed significantly greater reductions in nssi (p = 0.001 [post-treatment]; p = 0.001 [follow-up]) compared to tdcs. conclusions: ttb-rdoc treatment may be an effective strategy to improve long-term treatment outcomes in adult nssi.