ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداری ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ آب سطحی و زیرزمینی ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار دادن اﺛﺮات اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﻓﺎﺿﻼب (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردی دﺷﺖ تهران، ﮐﺮج و شهریار)

اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﮐﺮج ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آورده اﺳﺖ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺿﺮوری ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﻫﺪف از مطالعه ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ و آﯾﻨﺪه، اثر تخصیص پساب فاضلاب بر تامین نیازها و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اراﺋﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﯽ‌ﺑﺎﺷﺪ که اﯾﻦ اﻫﺪاف در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎی 5 ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‌اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای شبیه‌سازی منابع آب زیرزمینی از ﻣﺪل modflow و برای برنامه‌ریزی منابع آب از weap اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول ﺗاﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎی ﺷﺮب و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ است که در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻی 99 درﺻﺪ ﺗاﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﺪه‌اﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ درﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﺟﺮای ﻃﺮح‌ﻫﺎی آﺗﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی آﺧﺮ ﻣﺪل‌سازی کاهش می ‌یابد ﮐﻪ نشان‌ دهنده ﮐﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ اﺳﺖ. با توجه به نتایج، بدون تخصیص پساب، ﻧﯿﺎز ﮐﺸﺎورزی می ‌بایست ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ 40 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ تا درﺻﺪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آن ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮ 10 درﺻﺪ رﺳﺪ و در صورت ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﭘﺴﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﮐﺸﺎورزی، ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 30 درﺻﺪی نیز درﺻﺪ ﺗاﻣﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺎﻻی 90 درﺻﺪ می‌رسد و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاری و آﺳﯿﺐ‌ﭘﺬﯾﺮی در وضعیت بهتری قرار می‌ گیرند.

Conjunctive Use of Surface- and Ground-water Considering the Effects of the Wastewater Collection Plan (Case Study: Tehran, Karaj and Shahryar Plains)

The increase in population and the expansion of agricultural and industrial water needs in TehranKaraj region has created a complex system of resources extraction and supply that necessitates the need to manage the water resources in this region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water resources management in the current and future situations, the effect of wastewater allocation on supplying demands, and also to provide strategies for consumption reduction and management. These objectives are investigated in five different scenarios. For Groundwater simulation MODFLOW model is used and WEAP model is employed for water resources planning. In all scenarios, the first priority is given to the drinking and industrial demands which are supplied above 99% in all scenarios. The results showed that considering the implementation of future projects and increasing demands, the sustainability of resources was reduced in the last years of simulation which indicated a shortage of water resources against demands. According to the results, if no wastewater is allocated, the annual agricultural demand should be reduced by 40%, in order to keep the water shortage below 10%. If wastewater is allocated along with a 30% reduction in agricultural demand, the percentage of supply would exceed 90% and the water resources of the basin are in better condition in terms of sustainability and vulnerability.