angiography; an inducer of tgf-β during early atherosclerosis

Introduction: angiography is an x-ray-based technique for the diagnosis of disorders of the arteries, veins, and heart chambers. x-ray is a potential factor for the modulation of immune responses, including cytokines, the key molecules that participate in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. due to the potential roles of interleukin-6 (il-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-β) in cardiovascular disease, this study was designed to evaluate the il-6 and tgf-β serum levels before and after angiography in atherosclerosis suspected patients. material and methods: in this experimental study, the il-6 and tgf-β serum levels were explored, using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique, in the healthy controls as well as three groups, including atherosclerosis suspected patients without, obstruction of 1 and more than 1 vessel. the il-6 and tgf-β serum levels also were evaluated before angiography and 3 hours after angiography in the last three groups. spss software was used for data analysis. results: the results showed that tgf-β serum levels were significantly higher in the controls in comparison of other groups (p> 0.001). angiography and smoking increased tgf-β (p= 0.027) and il-6 (p= 0.035) serum levels, respectively, in atherosclerotic patients with obstruction of 1 vessel. age had a positive, moderate correlation with il-6 in the non-atherosclerotic patients (rs: 0.479, p= 0.039). conclusion: down-regulation of tgf-β may be associated with induction of inflammation in the patients. angiography, via up-regulation of tgf-β, may reduce inflammation in the patients and smoking may increase the progression of atherosclerosis in atherosclerotic patients. age may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases via up-regulation of il-6.