بررسی وقف در طریقت صفوی از ایلخانان تا برآمدن صفویان بر اساس صریح‌ الملک عبدی بیگ شیرازی

عمل به سنت وقف، از دورۀ ایلخانان گسترش چشمگیری یافت. یکی از نهادهایی که در دوران مزبور، به اقتضای عصر و نسل مورد توجه حاکمان و مردم عادی قرار گرفت و از موقوفات فراوانی بهره‎‍مند شد، نهاد تصوف به‌ویژه طریقت شریعت‌محور صفوی بود که به‌سبب نفوذ و محبوبیت شیوخ، اقشار مختلف جامعه با نیات متفاوت، موقوفات متنوعی را تقدیم آن می‎‍‌کردند. این موقوفات تاثیرات مهمی در تثبیت و توسعۀ همه‌جانبۀ طریقت و نیز کارکردهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی ویژه‌ای داشته است. سوال اساسی مقالۀ حاضر، بررسی ابعاد وقف در طریقت صفوی از ایلخانان تا برآمدن صفویه است که با شیوۀ مطالعۀ اسنادی نسخۀ خطی منحصر به فرد صریح‌الملک عبدی بیگ شیرازی (م977ق)، اطلاعات واقفان، موقوفات و درآمدها استخراج شده است. بررسی‎‍ها نشان می‎‍دهد هم‌زمان با گسترش نفوذ معنوی طریقت، شبکۀ اقتصادی منسجم و گسترده‎‍ای نیز برای جذب کمک‎‍های مالی، برنامه‎‍ریزی شد تا این حجم از درآمدها که بیشتر از‌طریق وقف کسب می‌شد، در جهت ارتقای توان اقتصادی طریقت، سامان‌دهی شود. همچنین مشایخ صفوی با تثبیت و توسعۀ موقوفات و ارائۀ خدمات اجتماعی، ضمن تحکیم جایگاه مردمی با نفوذ به عرصۀ سیاسی، با توسعۀ خدمات موقوفات، تلاش مضاعفی را برای کسب قدرت به عمل آوردند. نگارنده در مقالۀ حاضر با تکیه بر روش توصیفی‌ تحلیلی، موضوع را بررسی کرده است.

investigating waqf (endowment) in the safavid tariqa (from ilkhanids to the rise of the safavids) according to abdi beyg shirazi’s ṣariḥ al-molk

during the ilkhanate period, the endowment tradition expanded, which drew attention to sufism from both rulers and ordinary people. as a result, many endowments were established, with different segments of the society contributing to the safavid religious path. their contribution played a crucial role in stabilizing and developing the social and economic functions of the tariqa. the present study focuses on investigating the various dimensions of endowments in the safavid tariqa from the ilkhanate to the rise of the safavid, based on the manuscript of sarih al-molk by abdi beyg shirazi (deceased 977 ah). by examining the information related to the entrants, endowments, and incomes, it is shown that a coherent and extensive economic network was planned to attract financial aid, along with the expansion of the spiritual influence of the tariqa. this network was organized to improve the economic power of the tariqa through the volume of endowment revenues. additionally, by stabilizing and developing endowments and providing social services, the safavid elders aimed to strengthen the status of influential people in the political arena and make a double effort to gain power.keywords: ilkhanate, sheikh safi al-din, safavid tariqa, ṣariḥ al-molk, abdi beyg shirazi, waqf.introductionthe practice of waqf has been an important source of financing for islamic civilization for many years. despite facing challenges throughout history, it has remained of great interest to both people and rulers. the mongol invasion caused much destruction, including many endowments, but the tradition of endowment was revived during the ilkhanate period, thanks to the influence of competent iranian ministers and the conversion of some ilkhanate to islam. concurrently, sufism became an important religious and social movement. financing the costs of khanqah and the sufi organization was a serious need, and waqf fulfilled this need as a continuous financial resource. historical documents reveal that sheikh safi’s safavid way gained spiritual power with the backing of waqf, and its economic power reached its peak during the reign of sheikh sadr al-din. finally, by strengthening the power of the safavid government, waqf played a significant role in the growth and prosperity of islamic civilization (yajama, 2022, p. 168). in this regard, this study investigates the various dimensions of endowments in the safavid tariqa from the ilkhanids to the rise of the safavids according to the manuscript of’ abdi beyg shirazi’s sarih al-molk.materials and methodsthe tomb documents of sheikh safi are a valuable source of information about the society and daily life of the people of northwestern iran between the 5th and 10th centuries ah. they serve as an essential source for research activities (sheikh al-hokamayi, 2009). one of the most important documents, called sarih al-molk.