چگونگی ایجاد زنجیرۀ هم‌ ارزیِ گفتمان مهدویت در عصر صفویه

آنگاه که امری همچون مهدویت از حدود قلمروهای عقیدتی فراتر می‎‍رود و به پدیده‎‍ای سیاسی - اجتماعی بدل می‌‍شود، از ظرفیت‎‍های لازم برای مطالعه به‎‍مثابۀ یک گفتمان برخوردار می‎‍شود، مهدویت نیز در عصر صفویه، چنین ظرفیتی داشته است. به ‌منظور تحقق چنین مطالعه‎‍ای و با مبنا قراردادن نظریۀ گفتمان ارنستو لاکلائو و شانتال موفه، براساس روشی تاریخی-تحلیلی، سوال اساسی آن است که ساختار سیاسی- اجتماعی عصر صفویه، چگونه توانسته است چنین زنجیرۀ هم‌ارزی نسبتاً فراگیری را مستقر کند. در همین راستا، فرضیۀ پژوهش آن است که مهدویت ازطریق یکی از اصول و ارکان گفتمان، یعنی زنجیرۀ هم‌ارزی، این قابلیت را یافته است که قاطبۀ جامعه را فارغ از تفاوت‎‍های جنسیتی، قومیتی، جغرافیایی، سیاسی و حتی دینی، در یک همگرایی چشمگیر قرار دهد. یافته‎‍های تحقیق نشان می‎‍دهد مفصل‎‍بندی حاکمیت صفوی براساس مهدویت، در توازی با ایجاد زنجیرۀ هم‌ارزی، ازطریق عمومیت باور به منجی، به‎‍منزلۀ سازوکارهای گفتمانی، موفق به ایجاد همگرایی اجتماعی فارغ از تفاوت‎‍های موجود شده و ازطریق نبود مفصل‎‍بندی دال منجی، به‎‍مثابۀ دال‎‍های تهی، چنین پوششی را رقم زده است. همچنین ژرف‌ساخت‎‍های هژمونیک‎‍سازی صفویه، ازجمله تاریخ‎‍نگری‎‍ و تاریخ‎‍نگاری‎‍ها و مواضع و متون فقهی علمای شیعه، امکان ایجاد این زنجیره را فراهم کرده‌‎‍اند.

creating chain of equivalence of mahdavi discourse in the safavid era

when an issue like mahdism goes beyond the limits of ideological realms and becomes a socio-political phenomenon, it has the necessary capacity to be studied as a discourse. mahdism had such a capacity in the safavid era. to conduct the present historical-analytical study based on the discourse theory of ernesto laclau and chantal mouffe, the research question is: how was the political-social structure of the safavid era able to establish such a relatively comprehensive equivalence chain? in this regard, the hypothesis of the research is that through one of the principles of the discourse, namely, the chain of equivalence, mahdism has found a way to bring the society into a remarkable convergence regardless of gender, ethnic, geographical, political, and even religious differences. the findings of the study show that the articulation of safavid rule based on mahdism, in parallel with the creation of a chain of equivalence through the generality of belief in the savior as discourse mechanisms, has succeeded in creating social convergence regardless of existing differences. the deep constructions of the safavid hegemonic structure, including historiography and historiography, and positions and jurisprudential texts of shia scholars, have made it possible to create this chain. keywords: equivalence chain, null signifier, articulation, mahdavi discourse, safavid era.introductionthe starting point of a discourse such as mahdism cannot be attributed to the safavid era as a historical period, but a wider time frame should be assumed for it. “not in iran, this discourse created the movements of horoufiyeh and noqtouyeh, nourbakhshiyeh and mosha’sha’iyeh” (sheybi, as cited in zekavati qaraguzlou, 1979, p. 353-362). rather, with the presence of horoufiyeh in asia minor, it created a combined shia-sufi ideology with the slogans of mahdism and hezaraism (millenarianism). these movements were mostly based on mahdism, and it is during the safavid era that the discourse of mahdism changes to imamism.in other words, mahdism had turned from a limited discourse into a stream-forming phenomenon, and even the initial grounds for the establishment of sufism were provided by the actions and movements of sheikh junaid and sheikh heydar with relative reliance on mahdism. “the idea of mahdism has always been the basis for the realization and success of movements that had mahdism-like claims” (ibn-khaldoun, as cited in parvin gonabadi, 1996, p. 641).mahdism in safavid was not only a political matter but an ideological issue with socio-cultural and epistemic-verbal aspects. mahdism in safavid has been examined in this study as a discourse by considering its linguistic and rhetorical aspects. the necessity of conducting such research can also be proposed from the point of view that the continuous line of mahdism until the present era has turned iran into one of the territorial areas of mahdism and has created multi-level and extensive effects and consequences. therefore, it deserves special study in order to become a relative index for public understanding of the background of the history of salvation thinking, promiseism, millennialism, and other overlapping themes.