سیاست خارجی دونالد ترامپ نسبت به بحران سوریه و تهدیدات و فرصت‌های آن برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران‌

به قدرت رسیدن دونالد ترامپ در آمریکا، در مقام تهدید امنیتی برای بازیگران مختلف در عرصه منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی مطرح شده است. این قاعده پیرامون منطقه خاورمیانه و در کانون آن کشور سوریه نیز مطرح می‌باشد و با توجه به اینکه ج.ا. ایران، پیرامون بحران سوریه سطحی بزرگ از منافع و ملاحظات امنیتی را دنبال می‌کند، رویکرد واشنگتن نسبت به موضوع بحران در این کشور، برای تهران از اهمیتی فوق‌العاده برخوردار است. در همین راستا، در کلیت پژوهش حاضر، این پرسش اصلی مطرح شده که «راهبرد سیاست خارجی دولت دونالد ترامپ، نسبت به بحران سوریه، در چه مولفه‌های قابل واکاوی هستند و رویکرد جدید آمریکا در این مقطع چه تهدیدات و الزامات امنیتی را برای ج.ا. ایران ایجاد می‌کند؟» جمهوری اسلامی ایران به دلیل درگیر بودن در عمق بحران سوریه، ضروری است در سطح منطقه‌ای همکاری‌های خود را با روسیه و ترکیه ادامه دهد. علاوه بر این، تداوم حضور ایران و افزایش نفوذ تهران در سوریه، امری حیاتی در مقابله با راهبرد ضدایرانی ترامپ در سوریه است.

Donald Trump Foreign Policy in Syrian Crisis and its Threats and Opportunities for the Islamic Republic of Iran

Extended Abstract      Introduction Due to Syria crisis after 2011, the Middle East has been affected by the presence of large regional and global powers in this region. Meanwhile, the United States was the first metaphorical actor to enter this area. The US former President Barack Obama supported a prooppositions of the central government of Syria. USbacked forces were called the Free Army (alJaysh alSuri alBakhr). Because this archeology depended on radical Islam, Washington had to revise its strategy. Since 2014, it was found a new policy of the United States, calling a strategic alliance with the Syrian Kurds and tolerance of the RussianIranian axis and the rule of Bashar alAssad.With the election of Donald Trump as the US president, doubts were raised about the US security strategy toward the Middle East. Methodology Due to these interpretations and in response to the current research question, Donald Trump’s foreign policy has been analyzed in the Middle East and ultimately, the US foreign policy approach and its impact on the national and regional security of Iran have been raised for the Iranian diplomacy system.   Analysis and conclusions The central government of Syria appears to have taken power again, but the present Syria and postcrisis are not like Syria before 2011. Syria was the central axis of Middle East developments alongside Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, but Syria was eliminated by the current transformations and it missed its power cycle in the Middle East. The Trump government is well aware of the erosion of the Syrian government, so it tries to shape the Middle East’s security order in the upcoming Syrian regime by isolating Iran as well as using the Kurds that have emerged in Iraq as a new political force in the Middle East since 2003. It is believed that The Trump government is trying to do like the united Iraqi Kurds in Syria to protect the US interests in Syria. Along this, since 2011, Turkey, Iran and Russia have been three main actors in the developments in Syria. The United States is trying to increase its share of the country by creating a balance between Turkey and Syria, but not maximizing its benefits. In sum, Iran plays a major strategic role in the Middle East by pursuing smart diplomacy (a combination of soft and hard power) preventing the implementation of Donald Trump’s foreign policy programs in the Middle East centered around the Syrian crisis. In this regard, Iran is in a position to bring Syrian Kurds to Damascus and maintain the Moscow, Tehran and Ankara circles, and reject the Astana Summit, and this is the most important strategy of Tehran that can be taken to counter the security threats of Tramp for the Syrian crisis.