performance analysis of nail walls in jointed rocks based on excavation-induced damage

Evaluation of the excavationinduced ground movements is an important design aspect of supporting system in urban areas. this evaluation process is more critical to the old buildings or sensitive structures which exist in the excavationaffected zone. frame distortion and crack generation are predictor, of building damage resulted from excavationinduced ground movements, which pose challenges to projects involving deep excavations. geological and geotechnical conditions of excavation area have significant effects on excavationinduced ground movements and the related damages. in some cases, excavation area may be located in the jointed or weathered rocks. under such conditions, the geological properties of supported ground become more noticeable due to the discontinuities and anisotropic effects. this paper is aimed to study the performance of excavation walls supported by nails in jointed rocks medium. the performance of nailed wall is investigated based on evaluating the excavationinduced ground movements and damage levels of structures in the excavationaffected zone. for this purpose, a set of calibrated 2d finite element models are developed by taking into account the nailrockstructure interactions, the anisotropic properties of jointed rock, and the staged construction process using abaqus software. the results highlight the effects of different parameters such as joint inclinations, anisotropy of rocks and nail inclinations on deformation parameters of excavation wall supported by nails, and induced damage in the structures adjacent to the excavation area. the results also show the relationship between excavationinduced deformation and the level of damage in the adjacent structure.