Determining Optimal Exposure Parameters ofFemtosecond Laser to Enhance the Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Nano-Emulsions on Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria

The modification of cell surface structures has become a focal point in cell biology, with methods like drugs, chemicals, and non-destructive techniques such as laser light exposure being utilized. in particular, exposure to femtosecond laser pulses has been found to increase cell permeability to formulations without causing thermal damage. this study aimed to observe and document the changes in the structure of staphylococcus aureus bacteria when they were optically trapped and subjected to femtosecond laser pulses, along with the application of a medicinal substance, over 20 minutes. the research successfully determined the optimal power and exposure time of the laser light on the bacterial surface and demonstrated the ability of femtosecond laser pulses to enhance the efficacy of the medicinal substance.