بررسی قابلیت اطمینان، دسترسی و تعمیرپذیری لوکوموتیوهای پشتیبان ماشین تونلزنی سپری (epb -tbm) خط یک متروی تبریز

ﻟﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﺗﯿﻮﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﺗﯿﻮﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﻃﻼق ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻔﺎری ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺗﻮﻧﻞ، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﭘﯿﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﯽ، دوﻏﺎب ﭘﺸﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺘﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ﻓﻮم و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮاد ﺣﻔﺮ ﺷﺪه از ﺗﻮﻧﻞ را ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪه دارﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ و ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﻟﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﺗﯿﻮﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎن ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ ﻫﺎی epb-tbm ﺧﻂ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺘﺮوی ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺑﺘﺪا، ﻟﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﺗﯿﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﺻﻠﯽ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ، اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ و ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد از زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. در اداﻣﻪ، داده ﻫﺎی ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ 5 ﻟﻮﮐﻮﻣﻮﺗﯿﻮ، ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ داده ﻫﺎ، ﺣﺪود 30000 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ داده از ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ داده ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، در ده زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ، ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد و اﯾﻦ زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ اﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎی ﭘﺎرﺗﻮ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ درﺻﺪ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮاﺗﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﻣﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ، ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮی ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﮐﻞ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﻫﺮ زﯾﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ، ﺑﺮازش ﺷﺪ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺒﻮد روﻧﺪ در ﻫﻤﻪ داده ﻫﺎی ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ و ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﻮدن ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﻫﻤﺴﺎن ﺑﺮای داده ﻫﺎ، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮات، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮی اﺟﺰا ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮای ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ، اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ، ﻣﻮﺗﻮر و ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ اﺧﺘﻼف زﯾﺎدی ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ دارد و ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬر زﻣﺎن، اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ، اﻓﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ زﯾﺮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ زﯾﺮ 50 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از500 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاری ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از400 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ اﺳﺖ. از ﻟﺤﺎظ زﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮاﺗﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﯿﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن، ﻣﻮﺗﻮر و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻨﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺗﻌﻤﯿﺮاﺗﯽ را دارﻧﺪ.

evaluation of reliability, availability and maintainability of back-up locomotives in earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (epb-tbm): a case study: tabriz metro line 1

back-up locomotives are locomotives responsible for mechanized excavation of tunnels, transport of prefabricated concrete parts, slurry poured behind prefabricated concrete parts and foams, as well as materials excavated from the tunnel. in this study, the reliability, availability and maintainability of back-up locomotives of epb-tbm machines of tabriz metro line 1 have been investigated. initially, locomotives were divided into four main systems, including pneumatic, electrical, hydraulic and motor. each of these systems, in turn, consisted of subsystems. then, the failure data of 5 locomotives were collected; after combining the data, about 30,000 hours of data were obtained from the failures. examination of the data showed that there was a failure in ten subsystems and these subsystems were critical. pareto analyzes were then performed to examine the percentage of failures, costs, and repair times. for each subsystem, the most appropriate failure distribution function was fitted and the reliability of the subsystems and systems was determined. due to the lack of a trend in all failure data and the prevalence of independent and equal conditions for the data, reliability and availability were matched. also, using the average repair times, the maintainability of the components was determined. the results indicated the importance of reliability for pneumatic, electrical, motor and hydraulic systems, respectively. meanwhile, the pneumatic system is very different from the other three systems, and over time, this difference becomes even greater. another very important result is the loss of reliability of almost all subsystems to below 50% after 500 hours of operation. in the maintenance section, the results also showed that all failure times were higher than 400 hours. in terms of repair times, a significant part was related to the hydraulic system, followed by the engine and pneumatic system with the most repair time.