ارزیابی خطاهای انسانی در استخراج معادن زغال سنگ با استفاده از روش شرپا

ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮑﺎران از اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﮑﺎری اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات و ﺣﻮادث در ﻣﻌﺎدن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺣﺬف، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﻮادث ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﺧﻄﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺣﻮادث ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺧﻄﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ ﭘﺮوده ﺷﻤﺎره 1 ﻃﺒﺲ ﺑﺎ روش ﺷﺮﭘﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﺷﺮﭘﺎ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ روش ﻧﻈﺎم ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﻮادث ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﮑﺎن و ﯾﺎ ﻧﻮع ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭼﺎرت ﻫﺎی وﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﺷﻐﻠﯽ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 37 ﺧﻄﺎی ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺧﻄﺎ 18 ﻣﻮرد (48/64 درﺻﺪ) از ﻧﻮع ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی، 13 ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ (35/13 درﺻﺪ)، 5 ﺧﻄﺎ از ﻧﻮع ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ (13/51 درﺻﺪ) و 2 ﺧﻄﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب (5/4 درﺻﺪ) ﺑﻮد، ﺳﭙﺲ روش اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨﺪی ahp ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎی ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎﻫﺶ رﯾﺴﮏ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات، آﻣﻮزش، دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺑﺮای ﮐﻞ ﻣﻌﺪن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﯾﺎ زﻣﺎن وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﺛﺮ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ را ﺑﺮای ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار داد. در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ روش ﻓﻮق ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﺟﺮای ﺑﻬﺘﺮی دارد زﯾﺮا ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎ، ارﺗﻘﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Assessment of human error in coal mining using the SHERPA method

Objectives: Provision of safety for miners is one of the important mining requirements. Hazards and accidents in mines should be eliminated, controlled or minimized. The most common cause of mineral events is the human error factor. In this research, humancaused accidents in Tabas coal mine have been investigated by Sherpa method.Methods: In SHERPA, which is a systematic way of predicting and reduction the human error, the most important human errors that cause accidents are categorized by location or type of activity. The results are presented in the form of job charts. Results: Out of the 37 identified errors, the highest number of errors was 18 (48.44درصد) and the functional type, 13 errors were related to Checking (35.13درصد), 5 errors were the type of communication (51.13درصد) and 2 errors related to the selection (4. 5درصد). Then, AHP prioritization was applied and appropriate control strategies were proposed to reduce the risk of errors based on priorities. Human error reduction alternatives include upgrading equipment, education, instructions, and organization. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that upgrading equipment is the most suitable alternative for reducing human error. This upgrade was considered for the whole mine, and it has been shown that in the absence of resource and cost constraints or time limitation, one can examine the effect of alternatives on each of the main activities for better results, the effects of alternatives on each of the main activities could be examined for better results. In this case, the above method is better able to perform, because instead of upgrading equipment for all sectors, upgrading each section is done according to the more effective alternatives.