application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the kariz galleries

In general, a quantitative analysis of ground-penetrating radar (gpr) data provides insights into the depth of sources and underlying geological features. this study compares the depth information obtained from gpr waves using diverse approaches to detect underground cavities. the processing techniques, including conventional processing (kirchhoff migration), time reversal (tr) imaging, and the application of continuous wavelet transform (cwt) in tr imaging, known as compensated time reversal (ctr), are evaluated in comparison to commercial software. the predicted depths from tr and ctr align closely with drilling results, while traditional processing and kirchhoff migration occasionally fall short in identifying distinct targets. subsequently, we focused on typical subsurface cavities in urban areas, known as kariz (ancient aqueducts), situated at three locations in kashan, iran, encompassing two active (water-carrying) and one dried kariz. the tr and ctr results demonstrate the applicability of both techniques for additional applications, showcasing their effectiveness in estimating the depth of kariz galleries using gpr signals.

application of the ground penetrating radar for detecting the subsurface cavities-a case study from the kariz galleries

in general, a quantitative analysis of ground-penetrating radar (gpr) data provides insights into the depth of sources and underlying geological features. this study compares the depth information obtained from gpr waves using diverse approaches to detect underground cavities. the processing techniques, including conventional processing (kirchhoff migration), time reversal (tr) imaging, and the application of continuous wavelet transform (cwt) in tr imaging, known as compensated time reversal (ctr), are evaluated in comparison to commercial software. the predicted depths from tr and ctr align closely with drilling results, while traditional processing and kirchhoff migration occasionally fall short in identifying distinct targets. subsequently, we focused on typical subsurface cavities in urban areas, known as kariz (ancient aqueducts), situated at three locations in kashan, iran, encompassing two active (water-carrying) and one dried kariz. the tr and ctr results demonstrate the applicability of both techniques for additional applications, showcasing their effectiveness in estimating the depth of kariz galleries using gpr signals.