شناسایی ابعاد، مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های حق بر شهر؛ مورد مطالعه: شهر اصفهان

حق بر شهر از جمله حقوق شهروندی با ماهیت اجتماعی، سیاسی و حقوقی است که در آستانه پیوستن به حقوق بشر قرار دارد. این حق از مفاهیم جنجالی مطرح شده در دهه 1970 توسط هنری لوفور می‌باشد. این مفهوم در چند دهه گذشته مباحث حقوقی و شهری زیادی داشته و در عمل جنبش‌های اجتماعی متعددی را شکل داده که نتیجه آن صدور منشورهای حقوقی از جمله منشور جهانی حق بر شهر می‌باشد. هدف این مقاله، تدوین شاخص‌های تحقق حق بر شهر در اصفهان است. برای تدوین مولفه‌های آن از روش دلفی- خبره محور استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می‏دهد تمام 16 مولفه مورد ارزیابی، اینگونه پذیرفته شده‌اند. به ترتیب در بُعد حکمرانی خوب شهری، حق مشارکت (3.9)، دسترسی به اطلاعات (3.65)، عدالت و برابری (3.59)، قانونمندی (3.38)، اثر بخشی و کارایی (3.29)، ثبات سیاسی و مبارزه با فساد (2.34)، در بُعد حفاظت در برابر خطر، حق سلامت و ایمنی (3.03)، مراقبت‌های خاص، (2.8) آمادگی اضطراری (2.46)، در بُعد کالبدی، حق امکانات  شهری (3.32)، مسکن (3.08)، تحرک و جابجایی (2.48)، در بُعد اجتماعی، حق کیفیت زندگی (3.55)، نیازهای اساسی (3.17)، آگاهی و مشارکت (2.87) و پیوستگی اجتماعی (2.61) بیشترین میانگین را  داشته‌اند.

identifying the dimensions, components, and indicators of the right to the city: the case of isfahan city

introductionin the late 1960s, the concept of right to the city was introduced by the french theorist henri lefebvre. he viewed the city as a vast field, a dynamic stage for the realization of people’s aspirations, and a site where revolutions against the status quo unfold. according to lefebvre, the conflicts and struggles that occur in urban spaces serve as a manifestation of the right to the city, which he sees as an advanced form of citizens’ rights. he argued that the right to the city is a kind of lawsuit, driven by citizens’ feelings within urban policies, and aimed at securing people’s rights. in addition to the right to participation, lefebvre recognized the right of appropriation for citizens. these rights, he suggested, become accessible only when individuals move beyond their isolated existence and engage as active, participatory citizens. in this context, lefebvre proposed the right to the city as the highest form of rights, encompassing all rights realized in urban life, including the right to freedom. when this right is universally acknowledged, it naturally encourages citizens to engage in its enjoyment and creation, fostering a sense of responsibility for controlling urban spatial and social relations. the idea of the right to the city has garnered considerable attention from theorists. this growing interest reflects how the right to the city has spurred numerous legal and urban discussions and, in practice, contributed to the emergence of social movements advocating for changes in economic policies and the protection of fundamental freedoms. the existence of numerous national laws, regulations, and international charters (e.g., the universal charter of the right to the city) demonstrates the impact of these movements. nevertheless, research indicates that the right to the city has been more extensively explored within urban engineering, urban planning, and sociology. it is thus essential to examine the topic from the legal perspective, given the increasing urbanization, the evolving needs of citizens, and the limitations of urban facilities. moreover, the unbalanced development of cities, the challenges arising from marginalization, and the weak role of citizens in solving urban problems justify the need for legal scholars to prioritize this topic. these issues are also evident in isfahan, iran. for this reason, the present study aimed to examine the right to the city within the context of isfahan. literature review the works of henri lefebvre and david harvey are considered the primary references within the extensive literature on the topic. however, much of this literature originated from the efforts of non-legal experts. concerning the iranian context, amerian (2015) explored the topic in his m.a. thesis titled the project impact assessment of 15 khordad street pedestrian with a focus on the right to the city discourse. as another instance, the right to the city (eslami alizadegan, 2020) is a persian-language monograph treatment of the topic. none of these works are directly related to the concern of the present study in offering the understanding of the right to the city by examining its theoretical foundations with a focus on the mainstream literature. as a result, this study offers significant innovations for legal scholars and provides distinct insights compared to other writings on the right to the city. materials and methodsthe present research used the consensus index method, derived from the delphi model, to assess the consensus, significance, and priority of variables. the consensus index measures the level of agreement among experts regarding the direction of changes, the significance level, or other characteristics of the factors under study. in this method, expert opinions on various factors and drivers are collected to determine their level of consensus on the future direction of changes in drivers, the likelihood of different scenarios and drivers, and the prioritization of drivers.