جایگاه آزادی اجتماعات و راهپیمایی ها نظام حقوق اساسی ایران

آزادی اجتماعات و ر‌اهپیمایی‌ها از حقوق بنیادین مدنی- سیاسی شهروندان است که در اسناد حقوق بشری و نظام‌های حقوقی از جمله نظام حقوقی ایران، مورد شناسایی قرار گرفته است. جمهوری اسلامی ایران چه جایگاهی برای آزادی مزبور در نظام حقوقی خود پذیرفته است؟ پژوهش کیفی پیش‌رو با روش کتابخانه‌ای به گردآوری داده‌ها پرداخته و با تحلیل فقهی و حقوقی مسئله را مورد واکاوی قرار داده است. یافته‌های پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که یک- قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در اصل 27، مبتنی بر آموزه‌های دینی و همسو با اسناد حقوق بشری، این آزادی را با حداقل قیود به‌رسمیت شناخته است؛ دو- یافتن جایگاه این حق در میان نظام حق‌های مورد پذیرش نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران، مبتنی بر نگاه کل‌گرایانه به قانون اساسی و تعیین نسبت آن با مفاد دیگر اصول بوده که این نسبت‌سنجی، حاکی از عمومیت حق آزادی تجمع نسبت به تمام شهروندان از یک‌سو و محدود نبودن آن به دو قید مذکور در اصل 27 قانون اساسی است؛ سه- واکاوی اسناد حقوقی و رویه‌ها نشان از شناسایی مغایرت با ساحت نظری حقوق اساسی ایران دارد؛ چراکه قانون عادی، برخلاف دیدگاه قانون‌ اساسی، رویکرد مجوز محور را - با رویکرد سخت‌گیرانه‌تری به نسبت دیگر نظام‌های حقوقی مجوزمحور- گزینش کرده است.

freedom of assembly and procession in iran's constitutional law

introductionthe freedom of assembly and procession is a fundamental civil and political right recognized in numerous human rights documents and legal systems, including that of the islamic republic of iran (iri). the question arises as to what specific stance the iri’s constitutional law takes on this kind of freedom. in this respect, the current study aimed to clarify the relationship between principle 27 of the constitution and other principles. using a jurisprudential and legal analysis, the research sought to examine the position of principle 27 within the broader context of the iri’s constitution. the analysis was to evaluate the right to assembly and procession in the iranian legal system, offering insights into the ideal legal standard for freedom of assembly and procession. literature reviewthe persian legal literature provides valuable but limited research on this topic, highlighting a notable gap in analytical approaches to examining the issue. to address this gap, the present study employed an analytical framework grounded in jurisprudential and legal analysis.  materials and methodsas a qualitative inquiry, the present study used a library research method to collect the data. moreover, a jurisprudential and legal analysis was conducted to analyze the data and examine the position of principle 27 within iran’s constitutional law. results and discussionthe findings revealed several key insights. first, principle 27 of the constitution of the iri, grounded in religious teachings and aligned with international and regional human rights documents, it recognizes the right to freedom of assembly and procession with minimal restrictions. second, understanding the absolute right embedded in principle 27 within iran’s broader legal framework requires a holistic view of the constitution and an assessment of how it relates to other constitutional principles. the analysis of this relevance revealed the universality of the right to freedom of assembly for all citizens, showing that it extends beyond the two specific restrictions stated in principle 27. finally, a review of domestic legal documents and executive procedures revealed contradictions with the theoretical field of constitutional rights in iran. these legal frameworks, contrary to the constitutional perspective, adopt a permit-based approach that is notably stricter than similar systems in other permit-based legal systems. moreover, the study advanced the argument that the lack of legislation on the part of the islamic consultative assembly (the iranian parliament)—concerning the right of all citizens to hold assemblies and processions—does not render such gatherings illegal. if an assembly or procession does not conflict with the governing laws within the legal framework of the iri, it is considered legal under principle 27 of the constitution. conclusiona holistic view of the constitution requires that the right to freedom of assembly and procession outlined in principle 27 be considered in conjunction with other constitutional principles. the application of principle 27, which is subject to two specified restrictions, falls under the jurisdiction of ordinary law tasked with determining issues such as the implementation procedures, conceptual scope, mechanisms for ensuring compliance, and guarantees against violations. in this context, valuable insights can be gained from historical interpretations, such as an analysis of the debates among members of the assembly of experts for the constitution, to reveal the intent behind drafting principle 27 as well as the historical, political, and social contexts at the time. additionally, early experiences and real-world implications of either overly broad or overly restrictive interpretations are crucial for establishing the right to assembly and procession.