حق تعیین سرنوشت مردم افغانستان در ترازوی حقوق بین‌الملل با تاکید بر وضعیت حقوقی حکومت خودخوانده امارت اسلامی

ملت افغانستان بر اساس حقوق بین الملل از حق تعیین سرنوشت برخوردار است که به موجب آن آزادانه محق به تعیین وضعیت سیاسی و پیگیری سرنوشت اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی خویش از منظر داخلی در برابر هیات حاکمه و نیز از منظر خارجی در مقابل سایر ملت های جهان است. همچنین رعایت این حق بنیادین بشری بر اساس موازین بین المللی یک تعهد عام الشمول برای همه اعضای جامعه جهانی محسوب می شود که تخطی از آن برای تابعان، مسئولیت هایی در پی دارد. لذا با روی کار آمدن حکومت طالبان این پرسش مطرح می شود که آیا حق تعیین سرنوشت مردم افغانستان بدرستی اعمال شده است؟ و دیگر اینکه آیا دیگر دولت ها به تعهد خود در قبال حق مردم افغانستان در این راستا بدرستی عمل کرده اند؟ این پژوهش با استفاده از شیوه توصیفی – تحلیلی به کنکاش در این مورد پرداخته است. ظواهر امر نشان از آن دارد که حکومت خودخوانده امارت اسلامی نه تنها به حق مردم افغانستان در انتخاب ساختار سیاسی شان وقعی ننهاده بلکه با نقض گسترده سایر موازین حقوق بشری در حال تحمیل قدرت خود بر ملت افغانستان است و در راستای رسیدن به این منظور به نحو آشکار و ضمنی از حمایت برخی اعضای جامعه بین المللی برخلاف تعهد عام الشمول شان برخوردار است.

examining afghan people’s right to self-determination in international law, emphasizing the legal status of the self-proclaimed islamic emarit government

freedom of people in determining their own destiny is a value first raised during the french revolution in the form of a general concept called “the right of the people to determine their destiny” and was later pointed at internationally in different ways by statesmen such as lenin and wilson. this right was developed to discard of the old approach in the international arena i.e., the state-oriented tendency in international interactions. according to the old approach, the international community was made up of states which essentially pursued the political interests of their leaders. in fact, the relations between the governments resulted in the relations between the ruling groups who considered the interests of their citizens only when they were threatened by foreign powers or only when the protection of the citizen’s interests was directly related to the interests of the country's leaders. on the contrary, self-determination means that individuals and nations have a say in the international arena. governments with sovereignty can no longer oppress nations freely and can't take over territory without considering the wishes of the beneficiary population. people should also play a role in domestic and foreign relations. self-determination, as a democratic principle, requires the consent of the governed meaning the people must always have the right to freely choose their rulers. therefore, institutionalization and gradual legalization of this right, especially after world war i, gave a new concept to domestic and global relations. this right, which was first created in order to support the nations under colonialism, gradually extended its scope of protection to human groups under the domination of racist regimes, as well as the protection of religious, linguistic, and in general, all cultural minorities, and ultimately all peoples and nations. paragraph 2 of article 1 of the united nations charter states one of the goals of this organization is to establish friendly relations between nations with respect for equal rights and the right to self-determination. this goal is also repeated in article 55 of this document. in addition to recognition of this right in the united nations charter, the well-known declaration on the granting of independence to colonial countries and peoples, also known as the united nations general assembly resolution 1514 approved by the general assembly in 1960, while calling for the end of colonialism and the domination of foreign nations, emphasized that the nations have the right to determine their own destiny and to freely determine their political status and pursue their economic, social and cultural development. this concept is also repeated in article 1 of the international covenant on civil and political rights and the covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights. these documents were approved in 1966 by the general assembly resolution a/2200. it is noteworthy that the human rights committee's general interpretation no. 12 of article 1 of the covenants also mentions the right to determine the destiny of nations and highlights its importance to guarantee, and effectively respect, individual human rights. the principle of equal rights and self-determination for the people is also stated in the friendly relations declaration of 19701. all the above-mentioned documents indicate that the principle of self-determination is an internationally recognized right.