the effect of endurance training with crocin consumption on the levels of ampk and nrf1 gene expression in the soleus muscles of diabetic rats

Background: exercise training and crocin, as a herbal antioxidant, help improve metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2d). ampactivated protein kinase (ampk) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (nrf1) involve in the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway and diabetes control.[objective]this study aimed to investigate the effects of highintensity interval training (hiit), and low intensity continued training (lict) in combination with crocin consumption on ampk and nrf1 gene expression in the muscle tissue of diabetic rats. methods: in this experimental study, 56 adult rats were divided into eight groups (n = 7), including diabetic (crocin utilization, hiit, lict, hiit with crocin, lict with crocin, control, sham groups) and healthy control group. the hiit and lict groups performed five sessions of training per week for eight weeks, and the crocin consumption groups received 25 mg/kg of crocin daily for eight weeks. moreover, ampk and nrf1 genes expression levels were evaluated in different groups using realtime polymerase chain reaction (rtpcr). results: according to our results, while induction of diabetes significantly decreased the levels of nrf1 and ampk gene expression (p ≤ 0.05), training and crocin consumption significantly increased the levels of ampk and nrf1 gene expression (p ≤ 0.05). conclusions:it appears that crocin consumption along with hiit improves diabetes symptoms through ampk and nrf1 mechanism in diabetic rats.