oral squamous cell carcinoma: focus on biomarkers for screening

Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasia that can originate in the oral cavity or lips. it is a serious global health problem and one of the ten most common cancers worldwide. over the years, changes in the trends of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers have been observed. the management of oral cancer is complicated due to the functional and cosmetic consequences of treating malignancies at these anatomical locations. the tumor and its treatment can affect a variety of functional activities, including smell, sight, speaking, respiration, taste, jaw function, and mastication, either temporarily or permanently. based on the importance of this tumor, screening oral cancer for early detection and finding the best biomarkers for diagnosis is a crucial concern. in this review of literature, the etiology, risk factors, treatment, and diagnosis of oral cancer will be reviewed with a focus on the most important biomarkers.