فرایند بررسی کنترل کیفیت کار در موسسات حسابرسی

بررسی کنترل کیفیت کار توسط بررسی‌کننده کنترل کیفیت کار به‌عنوان یکی از عناصر اساسی کنترل کیفیت در استانداردهای حسابرسی موردتوجه قرارگرفته است و برای حسابرسی شرکت‌های پذیرفته‌شده در بورس اوراق بهادار الزامی شده است. در این پژوهش از طریق مصاحبه با 25 نفر از شرکای موسسات حسابرسی عضو جامعه حسابداران رسمی در بهار و تابستان 1402 و همچنین بهره‌گیری از متن عقاید 12 نفر از حسابداران رسمی که در قالب گفتگو، میزگرد، یادداشت یا مقاله در روزنامه یا مجله‌های حرفه‌ای انتشار یافته است، داده‌های پژوهش گردآوری‌شده است. سپس به کمک نظریه زمینه‌ای، مولفه‌هایی که به‌عنوان موانع اجرای فرایند بررسی کنترل کیفیت کار شناسایی شده و در قالب مدل مفهومی سیستمی ارائه گردیده است. اعتبار مدل پژوهش به تائید 7 نفر از شرکای حسابرسی رسید. یافته‌های برخاسته از داده‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که موانع گوناگونی در ابعاد مختلف آن وجود دارد که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها شامل: ساختار، تشکیلات و سازمان برخی از موسسات حسابرسی، اندازه کوچک بسیاری از موسسات، ملاحظات اقتصادی، حق‌الزحمه پایین موسسات، کمبود افراد صلاحیت‌دار، اخلاق جامعه، مشکلات خاص جامعه، قوانین و مقررات حاکم، شیوه ارزیابی کنترل کیفیت موسسات، ارتباطات ناکافی با جوامع حرفه‌ای بین‌المللی، ناآگاهی نسبت به حسابرسی و عدم توسعه و کاربست فناوری در موسسات حسابرسی توسط مشارکت‌کنندگان برشمرده شده است. با عنایت به تجدیدنظر استاندارد بین‌المللی حسابرسی 220(مدیریت کیفیت) و در نظر گرفتن الزامات و توجه بیشتر درباره بررسی کنترل کیفیت کار در آن استاندارد و همچنین یافته‌های این پژوهش که نشان می‌دهد که استاندارد کنترل کیفیت به‌طور موثر توسط موسسات حسابرسی اجرا نمی‌شود؛ در آخر پیشنهادهایی برای پر کردن این شکاف ها ارائه شده است.

audit engagement quality control review process

the implementation of the engagement quality control review (eqcr) by the engagement quality control reviewer has been considered as one of the key elements of quality control in the auditing standards and its implementation is required in the audit of companies listed on the stock exchange. in this research, the data were collected through (1) conducting interviews with 25 partners of iranian auditing firms in the spring and summer of 2023 and (2) the opinions of 12 certified accountants that were published in a newspaper or professional journals in the form of a conversation, round table, notes or articles. then, by applying the grounded theory, the components that are the obstacles to the effective application of eqcr are identified and presented in the form of a conceptual system model. the validity of the research model was confirmed by 7 audit partners. the findings from the analysis of research data show that there are various obstacles in its different dimensions, the most important of which are: the structure and organization of some audit firm, the small size of many audit firms, economic considerations, low fees of iranian audit firms, lack of qualified auditors, moral issues in the society, the society’s specific problems, governing laws and regulations, weaknesses in quality grading of audit firms, inadequate communication with international professional communities, low awareness of auditing and lack of development, and low application of technology in iranian audit firms. considering that the international auditing standard 220 has been updated and includes more requirements for the eqcr, along with the findings of this research showing that the quality control standard is not effectively implemented by iranian audit firms, some suggestions are given to fill these gaps.introductionthe objective of a firm is to design, implement, and operate a system of quality control for audit, review of financial statements, or other assurance or related services engagements performed by a firm, that provides the firm with reasonable assurance that: (a) the firm and its personnel fulfill their responsibilities in accordance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements, and conduct engagements in accordance with such standards and requirements; and (b) engagement reports issued by the firm or engagement partners are appropriate in the circumstances. according to the auditing standards, engagement quality review is an objective evaluation of the significant judgments made by the engagement team and the conclusions reached thereon, performed by the engagement quality reviewer and completed on or before the date of the engagement report. engagement quality reviewer is a partner, other individual in the firm, or an external individual, appointed by the firm to perform the engagement quality review (iaasb, 2020). surveys show that engagement quality control review, as one of the key elements of quality control, has not been established in iranian audit firms. its causes have not been clarified in previous research. therefore, in this research, we seek to clarify its causes and obstacles.research question(s)what are the obstacles of applying engagement quality control review in iranian audit firms?literature reviewengagement quality control review is one of the key elements of the quality control system of auditing firms, which is considered in the auditing standards. the literature review shows that this issue has not been studied in iran. however, some iranian certified public accountants and audit firm partners have pointed out some obstacles of implementing quality control reviews in the form of notes and roundtables published in professional journals. the public company accounting oversight board has described the key issues of quality control review in the united states in 2023 in a report entitled spotlight: inspection observations related to engagement quality reviews. this report shows that there are still many concerns about the quality control review (pcaob, 2023).methodologyconsidering the nature of the research problem, which is subjective and relies on the experience of audit institution partners, the application of a qualitative research approach is deemed appropriate. additionally, since no specific theory has elucidated this phenomenon and there has been no prior research in this area, the use of grounded theory is fitting. conducting interviews is one of the main methods of data collection in grounded theory (strauss & corbin,1990). therefore, research data have been collected through interviews. interviews were conducted with 25 partners of audit firms in the spring and summer of 2023. it is noteworthy that in grounded theory, all information is considered as data (danai fred et al., 2013). hence, discussions, roundtables or articles published by 12 iranian certified public accountants in professional journals or newspapers were also used as data.