اثر تاریخ و فاصله کاشت بر خصوصیات کیفی و زیست‌توده کاملینا (camelina sativa l. crantz)

پژوهش حاضر با هدف معرفی کاملینا و ارزیابی خصوصیات کیفی علوفه این گیاه در سال 1399 به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بایع‌کلا (مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران) اجرا شد. پنج تاریخ‌ کاشت (15 آبان، 1 و 15 آذر، 1 و 15 دی ماه) و پنج فاصله کاشت (15، 20، 25، 30 و 35 سانتی‌متر) به‌عنوان عامل‌های مورد مطالعه انتخاب شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس ویژگی‌های مورد مطالعه نشان داد که اثر متقابل فاصله کاشت و تاریخ کاشت، اثربخشی معنی‌داری در سطح یک درصد در اغلب ویژگی‌های کاملینا داشت. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، ترکیب تیماری تاریخ کشت 15 آذر ماه در فواصل 25، 20 و 30 سانتی‌متر (6.1، 6 و 6 درصد) بیشترین درصد چربی را داشت. میزان چربی از تاریخ کاشت 15 آبان تا تاریخ کاشت 15 آذر ماه افزایش و سپس، در تاریخ کاشت 15 دی ماه کاهش یافت. در فاصله کاشت 30 سانتی‌متر، کمترین میزان فیبر حل‌شونده در محلول خنثی (ndf) و فیبر حل‌شونده در محلول اسیدی (adf) به‌ترتیب در تاریخ‌های کاشت 15 آذر (60.7 درصد) و 1 آذر (39.8 درصد) مشاهده شد، درحالی‌که در فاصله کاشت 25 سانتی‌متر، بیشترین درصد پروتئین خام (15.8) در تاریخ کاشت 15 آذر ماه و بیشترین درصد خاکستر بوته (10 درصد) در تاریخ کاشت 15 آبان به‌دست آمد که با ترکیب تیماری فاصله کشت 30 سانتی‌متر و تاریخ کاشت 15 آذر (9.3) اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت. به‌طور کلی، با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، فاصله کاشت 25 تا 30 سانتی‌متر و تاریخ کاشت 1 تا 15 آذر با میزان چربی و پروتئین بالا و نیز ndf و adf پایین، می‌تواند تیمار مناسبی در جهت تولید علوفه باکیفیت و کمیت مطلوب کاملینا باشد.

the effect of planting dates and distances on the quality characteristics and biomass of camelina (camelina sativa l. crantz)

introductionfodder supply in iran is considered as one of the most important limiting factors in the field of livestock breeding and production. camelina (camelina sativa l. crantz) plant from the brassicaceae family is able to grow in different weather and soil conditions and needs less water, fertilizer, and pesticides than other oilseeds. this medicinal-oil product is a rich source of oil (28 to 40 percent) and omega-3 fatty acids, which can also be consumed in human diets. on the other hand, about 90 percent of the fatty acids in camelina oil are unsaturated, and due to its high alpha-tocopherols and vitamin e content, it does not require any additives to increase the shelf life of the oil, which is why it can be considered a high-quality edible oil. this research was conducted to introduce camelina and to evaluate the effects of planting date and spacing on oil yield and the quality of camelina fodder in mazandaran province.materials and methodsthis experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design in three replications at bayekola agricultural research station (mazandaran agricultural and natural resources research and training center). five planting dates (november 5, november 21, december 5, december 21, and january 4) and five planting distances (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 cm) were selected as the study factors. each treatment was planted in a plot consisting of six lines, and the distance between the plots was determined as one unplanted line. at the 50% flowering stage, biomass yield was determined by harvesting four square meters from the middle rows of each plot. additionally, forage quality traits were assessed, including oil percentage, neutral detergent fiber percentage (ndf%), acid detergent fiber percentage (adf%), crude protein percentage (cp%), nitrogen percentage (n%), and ash percentage.results and discussionthe results of analysis variance of the studied traits showed that the interaction between planting distance and planting date had a significant effect on most of the traits of camelina. the results indicated that the planting date of december 5 produced the highest oil percentages at planting distances of 25 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm (6.1%, 6.0%, and 6.0%, respectively). oil content increased from the november 5 planting date to the december 5 planting date, but declined with the january 4 planting date. the lowest values for neutral detergent fiber (ndf) and acid detergent fiber (adf) were observed in the 30 cm planting distance treatment with the december 5 planting date (60.7%) and the november 21 planting date (39.8%), respectively. planting distance of 25 cm and planting date of december 5 showed the highest percent of crude protein (15.8), while, the treatment of planting distance of 25 cm and planting date of november 5 showed the highest plant ash percent (10.0), which had no significant difference with the treatment of 30 cm planting distance and planting date of december 5 (9.3). the highest biomass yield of camelina was obtained in the treatment with a planting date of november 21 and a planting distance of 25 cm (1778 g m-2). in all planting distances, the biomass yield reached its maximum on the planting date of november 21, and with a delay in planting, a downward trend in the trait was observed, when the lowest value was obtained in the treatment of planting date of january 4 and a planting distance of 35 cm (972 g m-2).conclusionin general, according to the obtained results, planting distance of 25 to 30 cm and planting date of november 21 to december 5 with high oil and protein content and low ndf and adf and can be a suitable candidate for the production of high quality and quantity camellia fodder.