مطالعه صفات رویشی و ترکیب‏های اسانس سه جمعیت گیاه دارویی کاکوتی کوهی (ziziphora clinopodioides lam.) در اصفهان

جهت بررسی کمی و کیفی کاکوتی کوهی (ziziphora clinopodioides lam.) آزمایشی طی سال‏های 1398 1397 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان اجرا گردید و سه جمعیت کاکوتی جمع‏آوری شده از رویشگاه‏های استان اصفهان شامل جمعیت‏های ماکوله، سرچشمه گلپایگان و داران بر اساس طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی شدند. صفات اندازه‏گیری شده شامل: ارتفاع بوته و وزن خشک اندام هوایی، نسبت وزن خشک به تر، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد اندام هوایی و بذر در هکتار، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و ترکیبات اسانس بود. تجزیه مرکب نتایج دو سال نشان داد که جمعیت‏های مورد بررسی از نظر کلیه صفات تفاوت معنی‏داری داشتند. جمعیت سرچشمه‏گلپایگان، با متوسط عملکرد خشک اندام هوایی و بذر به‌ترتیب 7011 و 179 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین و جمعیت داران با مقادیر 6120 و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار کمترین مقدار را به خود اختصاص دادند. بیشترین درصد و عملکرد اسانس نیز در جمعیت سرچشمه گلپایگان مشاهده گردید. سال‏های آزمایش تاثیر معنی‏داری روی عملکرد اندام هوایی و درصد اسانس داشت. برهمکنش جمعیت در سال نشان داد که جمعیت سرچشمه گلپایگان در هر دو سال زراعی از عملکرد بذر و اندام هوایی بالاتری برخوردار بود. آنالیز اسانس حضور 26 ترکیب را در اسانس سه جمعیت مورد بررسی نشان داد و 1، 8 سینئول و پولگون به‌عنوان ترکیب‏های غالب اسانس بودند.

The Study of Vegetative Traits and Oil Components in Three Populationa of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. in Esfahan

IntroductionLamiaceae is a large plant family with many important genus like Ziziphora. This genus has four species in Iran. Three species including Z. tenuior, Z. persica and Z. capitata are annual and Z. clinopodioides is Perennial. Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. is an aromatic plant that leaves and flowers are frequently used as a traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of colds and cough. In Iran, this plant is mostly used in traditional medicine as a sedative, carminative, antiemetic, antiinflammatory and antiseptic substance in food. The present work was conducted to investigate the reaction of different plant populations to cultivation in one place.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted during 20172019 in Fozveh station of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan. It was on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were three populations of Z. clinopodioides that were collected from Isfahan province including Makooleh, Sarcheshmeh Golpayegan and Daran regions. Measured traits included: dry shoot weight, plant height, dry to wet weight ratio, 1000seed weight, essential oil percentage, yield of essential oil and essential oil compounds. The percentage of essential oil was measured in 50% flowering stage by using hydrodistillation using an allglass clevenger apparatus for 4 h. The amount of essential oil compounds was measured by gas chromatography (GC) and the qualification of essential oil was measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS). The chemical compounds of the essential oil were identified on the basis of GCMS retention time on fused silica capillary column and by comparison between their retention indices (RIs) with retention indices of published data, Standard Mass Spectral Fragmentation Pattern. Sas 9.1 software package was used for data analyses. Mean and standard deviations of each experiment were calculated and then were subjected to analysis of variance. Duncan test was used to determine mean differences among the treatments at 1% probability. Also, interactions were analyzed by using MSTATC software.Results and DiscussionThe combined analysis results showed a significant difference for all traits among populations. Sarcheshmeh Golpayegan and Daran populations had the highest (179 and 7011 kg.ha1) and lowest (70 and 6120 kg.ha1) seed yield and aerial dry yield respectively. Also the highest amount of oil percentage and oil yield were observed in Sarcheshmeh Golpayegan population. The range of essential oil percentages between populations were from 1.2% (makooleh) to 1.4% (sarcheshmeh). Experimental years had a significant effect on all studied traits except of 1000seed weight. Populations in the second year had higher performance than the first year. This was especially noticeable in shoot dry weight, seed yield and essential oil yield. Results of genotype*year interaction revealed that Sarcheshmeh Golpayegan population had the highest seed yield and shoot dry weight in the second year. In total, 26 compounds were identified in Z. clinopodioides essential oil populations. Two major identified compounds in essential oil analysis recognized as 1,8 cineole and polegone. In Makoole population Polegone was the main component but Sarcheshmeh Golpayegan and Daran were rich in 1, 8 Cineole.ConclusionIn general, the results of this study indicated that the studied populations had the sufficient genetic diversity for various traits such as shoot yield, seed yield and essential oil percentage. The existence of this diversity can pave the way for remedial work in the future. This research has shown that Z. clinopodioides has the ability to adapt and cultivate in the field environments. Therefore, it can be used as a new medicinal plant in the country’s agricultural system. This plant can also be introduced as an appropriate source to provide a combination of 1, 8 Cineole and Polegone used in food and pharmaceutical industries.