بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه بادرشبو (Dracocephalum Moldavica L.) با کاربرد کود ورمی‏کمپوست در تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت

تعیین زمان کاشت مطلوب گیاهان دارویی بسیار با اهمیت بوده و از عوامل مهم جهت دستیابی به عملکرد بالقوه به شمار می‏آید. از سوی دیگر ورمی‏کمپوست با در دسترس قرار دادن عناصر غذایی لازم، نقش موثری ایفا می‏کند. در این پژوهش عملکرد گیاه بادرشبو با ورمی‏کمپوست در تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت در سال 1399-1398 در شهرستان فسا بررسی شد. این پژوهش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی انجام شد. فاکتور اول تاریخ‏های مختلف کاشت در چهار سطح (1 اسفند، 15 اسفند، 1 فروردین و 15 فروردین) و فاکتور دوم ورمی‏کمپوست در سه سطح (شاهد و ورمی‏کمپوست 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد که در تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند، بیشترین محتوای نیتروژن (2.46 درصد)، فسفر برگ (0.246 درصد) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی بادرشبو (9530 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‏کمپوست به‌دست آمد. کاشت ﺩﻳﺮﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ سبب تغییر در صفات فیزیولوژیکی از جمله محتوای کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ شد. در نتیجه تاخیر در زمان کاشت باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی و وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه گردید. بیشترین درصد اسانس به میزان 0.47 درصد در تیمار 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست مشاهده شد. تاریخ کاشت 15 فروردین عملکرد اسانس را به میزان 35.2 درصد نسبت به تاریخ کاشت 1 فروردین کاهش داد. در مجموع بیشترین عملکرد بادرشبو در تیمار کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‏کمپوست حاصل شد. بنابراین به نظر می‏رسد که تاریخ کاشت 1 اسفند و مصرف 10 تن ورمی‏کمپوست برای کاشت گیاه بادرشبو مناسب باشد.

Improving the Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Dracocephalum moldavica L. with Vermicompost in Different Planting Dates

Introduction Environmental condition and appropriate planting date are the most important factors in producing optimal yield. Different planting dates lead to adaptation of plant vegetative growth period to different temperatures, daytime, and solar radiation. Therefore, it affects the development, production of biomass and ultimately plant yield. The effect of environmental factors on phenological stages of the plant makes the planting date differ from region to region and between genotypes in one region. Determining the optimal time for planting an herb is very important and it is a major factor to achieve potential yield. Furthermore, vermicompost plays an effective role by making available the necessary nutrients. Despite many studies on the positive effects of Vermicompost on the growth of different plants, few studies have investigated the use of vermicompost for Dracocephalum moldavica at different planting dates. Therefore, this experiment aimed to examine the effects of different amounts of vermicompost on the growth, yield, and essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica at different planting dates.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted byfactorial experiment based on completely randomized block design. The first factor included different planting dates at four levels (20 February, 5 March, 20 March, and 3 April) and the second factor included vermicompost at three levels (control and 5 and 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost). Samples were taken from plants in the field at 50% flowering stage to measure the concentration of leaf elements and physiological traits. At the end of the growth period, were measured the height, the number of lateral branches, dry weights of aerial organs, and root dry weight. To measure the percentage of essential oil, were harvested aerial organs in different treatments at the flowering stage. Analysis of data variances was performed using SAS software version 9.1. Duncan’s Multiple Range test was used to a comparison between means at p ≤ 0.05. It should be noted that the results of mean comparison were only presented for the traits that the effect of experimental factors on them was statistically significant.Results and DiscussionThe results indicated that the highest nitrogen and phosphorus content of leaves and dry weight of Dracocephalum moldavica were obtained in a treatment of 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost. The delayed planting changed physiological traits, including chlorophyll content and relative water content of leaves. Delayed planting due to the higher heat and drought stress decreased root growth and thus caused low water absorption from the soil. Therefore, the delay in planting reduced some growth indices of Dracocephalum moldavica Because of improved absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen, vermicompost resulted in further synthesis of the photosynthesis pigments. Regarding the results of this experiment, the greatest shoot dry weight, dry weight root and essence percentage were obtained by applying 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost, while the lowest one was observed in control treatment without applying vermicompost fertilizer. There was an increase in essential oil percentage and yield by the use of 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost. Furthermore, the planting date of 3 April reduced the yield of essential oil compared to the planting date of 20 March.ConclusionsIn general, the highest quantitative and qualitative yields of Dracocephalum moldavica were seen in the treatment of 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost. We recommend the planting date of 20 February and 10 t.ha1 of vermicompost for Dracocephalum moldavica planting. Providing a suitable growth medium, vermicompost increased the growth of Dracocephalum moldavica Therefore, organic fertilizers can be used to improve the quantitative and qualitative yield of herbs, and they are useful for medicinal applications in the perspective of this plant.