اثر محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات‌های آهن و روی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیاه‌دانه

به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی کلات‌های آهن و روی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه دارویی سیاه‌دانه آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 98-97 و دو مکان (مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس و مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران) انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل محلول‌پاشی دو شکل آهن (نانو کلات‌ آهن 1.5 در هزار، نانو کلات آهن 4 در هزار و کلات آهن 3 در هزار) و روی (نانو کلات روی در دو سطح 1.5 و 3 در هزار و کلات روی 3 در هزار) بودند. تیمارها در دو مرحله 108 برگی و در زمان پر شدن کپسول‌ها به‌کار برده شد. نتایج نشان داد که ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، قطر کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت برای هر دو منطقه به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تاثیر نانو کلات‌ها قرار گرفت. غلظت‌ 4 در هزار نانو کلات آهن و 3 در هزار نانو کلات روی باعث بیش‌ترین افزایش در عملکرد دانه (217.44گرم در متر مربع در منطقه گنبد و 288.66گرم در متر مربع در منطقه تهران)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (582 گرم در متر مربع در گنبد و 352.93 گرم در متر مربع در تهران) و شاخص برداشت (37.43 درصد در گنبد و 76.46 درصد در منطقه تهران) شد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل و با توجه به ویژگی‌های مختلف اندازه‌گیری شده، کاربرد آهن و روی به فرم نانو حتی در غلظت‌های پایین اثر مثبتی بر عملکرد کمی سیاه‌دانه خواهد داشت.

Effect of Iron and Zinc Nano Chelates on Yield and Yield Components of Black Cumin Medicinal Plant (Nigella sativa L.)

Introduction The black seed is scientifically known as Nigella sativa L. from the family Ranunculaceae, which is susceptible to deficiencies in micro elements, including iron and poor soils. The concentration of Fe and Zn in soil solution is usually very low and is mostly mixed with organic matter. The solubility of Zn and Fe is strongly dependent on soil acidity. Managing nutrient intake can improve plant growth and product quality. Inappropriate nutrient management in today’s common practice results in degraded agricultural ecosystems and endangered human health, and these problems have necessitated rethinking ways to increase crop production. Rezaei et al. (2016) reported increasing yield traits in stevia plant through using nano iron and zinc and manganese solution. Foliar application of micronutrients can improve grain and oil yield by improving yield components. In the present study, the effect of iron and zinc nanoparticle foliar application on morphophysiological and phytochemical changes of black seed has been evaluated. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of GonbadeKavous University of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tarbiat Modares University in 20182019. Experimental treatments included control (no foliar application), iron nutrient (iron nano chelates at 1.5 and 4 in a thousand + 3 iron per thousand chelate) and zinc nutrient (zinc nano chelate at 1.5 and 3 in a thousand) and chelate (3 in a thousand) which was used as foliar application. Treatments were applied at 810 leaf stage and at the time of capsule filling. The experimental plots were two meters wide with four rows of 50 cm and the length of each plot was 6 m. There was a distance of one meter between each trial unit and a distance of 2 meters between each block. Midlines were used for sampling. Data were analyzed using SAS ver 9.3 statistical software and LSD test was performed at 5% level. Results and Discussion The results showed that the studied traits such as plant height, number of lateral branch, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pods, seed weight per pods, capsule diameter, 1000seedweight, yield seed, biologicalyield and harvestindex were affected by main effects and interactions of the treatment compounds in Tehran and GoonbadeKavus fields. Application of iron and zinc chelates in the form of nanochelates had the highest effect on yield and yield components of the blackseeded medicinal plant in comparison to the chelate form. Maximum grain yield (217.44 g.m2 in Goonbadekavus and 288.66 g.m2 in Tehran), biological yield (582 g.m2 in Goonbadekavus and 352.93 g.m2 in Tehran) and harvest index (37.43% in Goonbadekavus and 76.467% in Tehran) were observed in the nanotreatment of iron chelate 4 per thousand and the lowest value of seedyield (25.2 g.m2 in Goonbadekavus and 20.05 g.m2 in Tehran), biological yield (260.67 g.m2 in Goonbadekavus and 130.67 g.m2 in Tehran) and harvest index (25.2% in Goonbadekavus and 11.81% in Tehran) were observed in iron and zinc chelates. Conclusions Based on the results obtained and considering the different measured properties, the application of iron and zinc in the form of nano will have a positive effect on the quantitative performance of black seed. given the role of micronutrients in some enzymes and their effective role in protein synthesis, this increase in yield can be justified compared to control.