تاثیر نحوه کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (nigella sativa l.)

به‌منظور بررسی تاثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه (nigella sativa l.) تحت شرایط کم‌آبی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی گنبد کاووس در سال زراعی 97-1396 انجام شد. سطوح مختلف آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل: عدم آبیاری (دیم)، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی، یک‌بار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و انجام دو بار آبیاری به‌‌ترتیب در زمان گلدهی و پر شدن دانه و عامل اسید سالیسیلیک در سه سطح شامل: عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد)، پرایمینگ بذر با اسید سالیسیلیک و محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 0.5 میلی‌مولار در لیتر در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه در این آزمایش شامل: ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه‌ فرعی، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن کپسول در بوته، وزن خشک بوته، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و در نهایت عملکرد دانه در گیاه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثرات برهمکنش آبیاری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر کلیه صفات مورد ارزیابی به‌جز درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس معنی‌دار بود و کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش صفات مورفولوژیکی گردید. بیشترین میزان اسانس (0.655 درصد) و عملکرد اسانس (7.93 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطوح مختلف آبیاری به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمار آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن دانه و دو بار آبیاری بود. تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی بیشترین میزان اسانس و عملکرد اسانس را به‌خود اختصاص داد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (1330 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط دوبار آبیاری و کمترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار عدم مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به‌میزان 817 کیلوگرم در هکتار در شرایط دیم به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که با مصرف اسید سالیسیلیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی و دو بار آبیاری می‌توان به عملکرد مطلوب سیاهدانه دست یافت.

Effect of Application Methods of Salicylic Acid on Morphological Characteristics, Grain Yield and Essential Oil of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.) under Water Stress Conditions

Introduction;Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual plant from the buttercup family that has been used in food industry and cosmetic products in addition to its medicinal value. It is well known that abiotic stresses especially drought stress are very restrictive factors for agricultural production around the world. Drought stress affects a vast range of morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Due to the decrease and shortage of agricultural water resources, researchers have conducted various researches to find materials that increase the efficiency of water use and maintenance in plants. One of these compounds is salicylic acid, and this material is naturally present in most plants and affects many physiological activities of the cell. Due to the decrease and shortage of agricultural water resources, researchers have conducted various researches to find materials that increase the efficiency of water use and maintenance in plants. One of these compounds is salicylic acid, and this material is naturally present in most plants and affects many physiological activities of the cell. Salicylic acid is a naturally occurring plant hormone that controls plant growth and induces water deficit tolerance in plants. One of these compounds is salicylic acid, and this material is naturally present in most plants and affects many physiological activities of the cell. Salicylic acid is a naturally occurring plant hormone that controls plant growth and induces water deficit tolerance in plants.;Materials and Methods;This study was conducted based on randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of treatment and three replications at research field of Gonbad Kavous University, Iran in 2018 winter and spring. Different irrigation regimes at four levels including no irrigation (dry farming), once irrigation at flowering stage, once irrigation at grain filling stage and twice irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages as well as salicylic acid factor at three levels including no application (control), seed priming (with 0.5 mM concentration), foliar spraying (with 0.5 mM concentration) were studied. After application of the treatments, the necessary sampling was done and the traits such as plant height, number of lateral branches, number of follicle per plant, number of seeds per follicle, weight of follicle per plant, plant dry weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield and, finally, grain yield in the plant were evaluated. Statistical calculations were performed using SAS 9.1 software. The mean of studied traits was also compared by using the least significant difference between the protected LSD at 5% probability level. The required graphs were also drawn using Excel software.;Results and Discussion;The results showed that simple effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all traits were significant. The effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all studied traits were also significant, except essential oil percentage and essential oil yield. The use of salicylic acid increased morphological traits. Also, the effects of irrigation and salicylic acid on all studied traits were significant, except essential oil percentage and essential oil yield. The use of salicylic acid increased morphological traits. The highest amount of essential oil and essential oil yield in irrigation levels were related to the irrigation at filling stage (0.65%) and twice irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages (7.93 kg ha1), respectively. Salicylic acid treatment was the most essential oil and essential oil yield for salting. The highest grain yield (1330 kg ha1) was obtained in foliar spraying application of salicylic acid under twice irrigated conditions and the lowest grain yield (817 kg ha1) was obtained in nonapplication of salicylic acid at dry farming conditions.;Conclusions;Salicylic acid is able to reduce the negative effects of drought stress on black cumin plant. In general, the results showed that by using salicylic acid in the form of foliar application and twice irrigation, optimal yield of black cumin was achieved.