شناسایی ابعاد اساسی چالش‌های اجرای تربیت جنسی نوجوانان: پژوهش آمیخته

هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی ابعاد اساسی چالش‌های اجرای تربیت جنسی نوجوانان بود. این پژوهش از دیدگاه هدف، کاربردی و از نظر راهبرد و روش، تحقیقی ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش در بخش کیفی شامل پژوهشگران حوزه تربیت جنسی نوجوانان، دبیران، مربیان بهداشت، مشاوران، روانشناسان مدارس و اولیای دانش‌آموزان استان آذربایجان غربی در سال 1398 و در مرحلۀ کمّی دبیران دورۀ اول و دورۀ دوم متوسطه شهرستان‌های خوی و چایپاره در سال تحصیلی 1399-1398 بودند. حجم نمونه در مرحلۀ کیفی 20 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بر اساس اصل اشباع و در مرحلۀ کمّی 345 با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای، بر حسب جنسیت و مقطع تدریس، براساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش در بخش کیفی، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و در بخش کمّی، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده از بخش کیفی منجر به شناسایی شش مقوله اصلی موانع سیاست‌گذاری، موانع خانوادگی، موانع اطلاعاتی نامعتبر، موانع مذهبی- اعتقادی، موانع اجتماعی- فرهنگی و موانع آموزشی_سازمانی در رابطه با چالش‌های اجرای تربیت جنسی نوجوانان گردید و در قالب مقیاسی 18 گویه‌ای به جامعۀ آماری در بخش کمّی ارائه شد. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل داده‌ها در بخش کمّی نشان داد که الگوی عناصر استخراج‌شده از شاخص‌های برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است. با عناصر طراحی‌شده برای چالش‌های ارائۀ آموزش تربیت جنسی می‌توان به عنوان معیار، نسبت به سنجش اثرگذاری هر یک از چالش‌ها اقدام کرد، در فاصله‌های زمانی معین بر مبنای این عناصر، وضعیت موجود موانع آموزش تربیت جنسی را مورد سنجش قرار داد و با وضعیت مطلوب مقایسه نمود و در صورت وجود فاصله، برنامه‌ها، روش‌ها و راهکارهایی برای آموزش، تغییر و بهبود وضعیت موجود پیشنهاد داد.

main dimensions of challenges in adolescent sex education: a mixed-methods research

the purpose of this study was to identify the main dimensions of the challenges of implementing adolescent sex education. this applied study used a mixed-methods exploratory approach. data were analyzed through strauss and corbin’s open and axial coding in the qualitative phase and through structural equation analysis in the quantitative phase in spss and lisrel software. findings from the qualitative phase led to the identification of six main categories of policy barriers, family barriers, invalid information barriers, religious-belief barriers, sociocultural barriers and educational-organizational barriers as the challenges of adolescent sex education. these findings were presented to the statistical population in the quantitative phase in an 18-item questionnaire. data analysis in the quantitative phase showed that these categories had appropriate goodness of fit.introductionthe need for sex education is one of the most important educational needs and human rights of children and adolescents, and one of the biggest concerns of parents and the society. however, children and adolescents are still deprived of such education in most countries of the world (majdpour et al., 2017). in iran, as one of the traditional-religious societies, the approach to sexual affairs does not explain a clear path for sexual socialization of individuals and sexual affairs are always in an aura of ambiguity. meanwhile, islamic ideology has rich knowledge and appropriate solutions in this field (zandvanian shamshadi, 2010). despite the popular belief that sex education encourages teens to have sex, the results of studies have shown that the lack of sex education has not only prevented adolescent sexual relations, but also has led to the establishment and formation of misconceptions and misinformation among iranian youth. in the absence of sex education, young people turn to pornography through media such as magazines, internet sites, and provocative television programs to obtain sexual information (rafaei shirpak et al., 2006).a review of research conducted in this field shows that institutionalizing sex education among adolescents as a necessity for adolescent education has always been neglected by parents, teachers and researchers as well as policymakers in the education system in iran. therefore, in order for adolescents to excel and be educated, we analyzed, evaluated and assessed the basic dimensions of the challenges of and barriers to the implementation of sex education from the perspective of those closest to adolescents, namely parents, teachers and educators.  we actually addressed the following questions:1- what are the main dimensions of the challenges of implementing adolescent sex education?2- are the elements designed for the model of challenges in the implementation of adolescent sex education appropriate?methodologygiven the objective of the present study, the mixed-methods exploratory approach was used. grounded theory was used in the qualitative phase, and structural equation model in the quantitative phase. to answer the first question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants who met two of the three inclusion criteria: scientific expertise, practical experience, or having children aged 12 to 16. we used strauss and corbin’s (1998) qualitative data analysis of continuous comparison with inductive content analysis technique for open, axial and selective coding. then, the rigor and trustworthiness of the qualitative data were confirmed with expert review method. to answer the second research question, the structural equation model was used. the statistical population in the quantitative phase of the research included high school teachers in khoy and chaypareh cities who were selected by stratified random sampling method from each gender and grade totaling 345 teachers selected by krejcie and morgan (1970) table.