استراتژی‌های تمرکززدایی در نظام آموزش و پرورش ایران

هدف ‌این پژوهش، شناسایی و تدوین استراتژی ‌های تسهیل کنندۀ تمرکززدایی در نظام آموزش و پرورش ایران است. این پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد داده‌ بنیاد اجرا شده است. داده‌ های اولیه از طریق مصاحبه نیمه سازمان یافته گرد آوری و با ابزار “swot”، تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. جامعۀ پژوهش شامل صاحب ‌نظران و مدیران عالی آموزش و پرورش بوده، که 25 نفر با روش هدفمند به ‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. در کدگذاری اولیه شانزده عامل داخلی و هجده عامل بیرونی تعیین شد. نتایج جهت تایید اعتبار و ضریب دهی برای مشارکت کنندگان ارسال شد. ضرایب وزنی نهایی در هر دو حوزۀ داخلی و خارجی نشان داده که شرایط و استراتژی ‌های کنونی آموزش و پرورش اثربخشی لازم برای بهبود و کاهش نقاط ضعف و تهدیدها و بهره برداری از قوت ها و فرصت ‌ها را ندارد. با تشکیل ماتریس “swot”، استراتژی ‌های؛ هدایت اعتبارات پژوهشی برای طراحی نقشۀ جامع استانی و منطقه‌ ای، توسعۀ انجمن ‌های علمی، کاهش دغدغه ‌های حاکمیت در حفظ وحدت، توسعۀ تدریجی اختیارات شوراها، توسعه و استمرار ارتباط با مجلس و مدیران سیاسی، شناسایی قابلیت ها، نیازها و محدودیت های مناطق، تقویت برنامه‌ های درسی و آموزش ‌های متناسب با بوم، توانمندسازی نیروی انسانی، تعدیل واحدهای ستادی، جلب حمایت قوای سه گانه، توسعۀ تدریجی اختیارات استانی، توسعۀ مدارس وابسته و شناسایی و جذب منابع بالقوه ارائه شده است

decentralization strategies in the iranian education system

the aim of this study was to present decentralization strategies in the iranian education system by identifying weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats to decentralization through swot matrix. preliminary data for identifying internal and external factors influencing the way education is administered were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and senior and middle managers of education. analysis of the interview transcripts led to the emergence of sixteen internal factors and eighteen external factors. results were sent to the participants for validation and rating. the sum of the final weighting coefficients in both internal and external domains shows that the current status of education and its strategies are not effective enough to reduce weaknesses and threats or exploit strengths and opportunities. comparison of factors in the analytical matrix led to the emergence of thirteen strategies in competitive, aggressive, defensive and conservative domains. these strategies can use opportunities and strengths to control threats and weaknesses and facilitate the effective implementation of decentralization schemes.introduction: iran enjoys diverse climates, economic and social conditions and subcultures. therefore, residents of each region have different educational needs. meanwhile, iran’s education system has a completely centralized structure which offers the same educational programs and lessons throughout the country. education plays an important role in the development process. therefore, there is an urgent need for internal development of this institution on which all aspects of development depend. a large organization such as education department with so many problems in planning, organization, coordination, supervision and leadership, a school-based management should be developed and applied (jafari, 2021). furthermore, centralized management of education in iran has reduced the inefficiency and effectiveness of schools. therefore, experts have emphasized the need for revising and transforming education system in line with decentralization and delegation of authority (jafari moghadam fani, 2002). many administrators and experts acknowledge the inefficiency of the current centralized structure, emphasize the need for decentralization of the iranian education system, and mention concentration as the cause of many problems in iran’s education system (farhadi rad et al., 2019). another study also confirms the necessity of revising the centralized educational system of a country with the climatic, cultural, social and economic characteristics of iran (quak, 2020; easnie, 2017). therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify and introduce strategies that can use internal organizational strengths and environmental opportunities to manage the weaknesses and threats in the direction of decentralization in iran’s education system.methodology: this research is a qualitative study based on grounded theory. the data collection tool was a semi-structured interviews. the data recorded in the interview process was coded based on the swot model to identify and extract internal factors (weaknesses and strengths) and external factors (opportunities and threats). for this purpose, the internal strengths and weaknesses of education and environmental opportunities and threats that can hinder or facilitate decentralization were identified and coded based on the experiences and studies of the participants.