the effect of vegetable and volatile oils on the piroxicam skin permeability: a mechanistic study

Background: piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication for treating fever, discomfort, and inflammation. in addition, piroxicam inhibits cyclooxygenase and lowers prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. objectives: this study used franz diffusion cells made from rat skin primed with sesame, eucalyptus, olive, menthol, clove, and sunflower oils. methods: control was hydrated rat skin. permeability measurements include steady-state flux (jss), permeability coefficient (kp), and diffusion coefficient (d). ft-ir was used to compare changes in peak position, differential scanning calorimeter (dsc), mean transition temperature, and the permeability enhancement methods of the penetration enhancer (tm). the skin acted as a barrier to piroxicam permeability throughout the whole surface, indicating that drug flux was limited by diffusion into the skin. results: the steady-state flux (jss) of all penetration enhancers were not significantly different from control, except for clove and menthol oil (4 hours treated) and olive oil (2 and 4 hours treated). conclusions: penetration enhancers improved drug permeability through rat skin. sesame oil, menthol oil, and sesame oil were found to have higher erflux, erd, and erp ratios than water-hydrated skin due to lipid fluidization, lipid structure disruption, and irreversible keratin denaturation.