واکاوی زیست پذیری شهری با استفاده از مدل electre (مورد مطالعه: نواحی شهرگرگان)

اهداف: امروزه فضاهای شهری دچار مسائلی چون کیفیت پایین محیط، زوال و فرسودگی محلات، محرومیت و نابرابری های اجتماعی اقتصادی و نابرابری در دسترسی به خدمات و امکانات شهری می باشند. از اواخر قرن بیستم این شرایط محققان و برنامه ریزان شهری را بر آن داشت تا بر مفهوم زیست پذیری به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین رویکرد های دستیابی به محیط شهری قابل زیست و با کیفیت تاکید کنند. در این راستا هدف پژوهش حاضر، سنجش و اولویت بندی میزان زیست پذیری در نواحی شهری گرگان بر اساس شاخص های موثر در تعیین زیست پذیری می باشد.روش: نوع تحقیق کاربردی بوده و روش بررسی آن توصیفی تحلیلی است. با توجه به جدید بودن موضوع، ابعاد و شاخص ها بر اساس ادبیات جهانی وبومی سازی آن ها با شرایط شهر گرگان تهیه شد. برای رسیدن به این هدف، محاسبات مربوط به 16 شاخص موثر در زیست پذیری بر اساس فرایند تکنیک آنتروپی شانون و مدل electr و با استفاده از نرم افزار صفحه گسترده excel استخراج شده است.یافته ها/نتایج: نتایج حاصل از به کارگیری مدل الکتر به منظور سنجش میزان زیست پذیری در نواحی هشت گانۀ شهر گرگان بیانگر آن است که 404.20 هکتار از مساحت نواحی شهر گرگان شامل11.14 درصد در پهنۀ زیست پذیری خیلی کم، 1577.41 هکتار شامل 42.02 درصد زیست پذیری کم، 675.2 هکتار شامل 18.62 درصد زیست پذیری متوسط و 1022.5 هکتار شامل 28.20 درصد در پهنه بندی زیست پذیری زیاد قرار دارند.نتیجه گیری: یافته های بدست آمده حاکی از آن است که با توجه به اینکه نواحی 3 ، 1و2 از کمترین میزان سطح زیست پذیری برخوردار است و در این نواحی شاخص های زیست پذیری در حد پایین قرار دارد. بنابراین، ارائۀ بهتر شاخص هایی از قبیل فضای سبز، خدمات بهداشتی، آموزشی و مذهبی می تواند باعث ارتقای سطح زیست پذیری شود.

Analyzing Urban Livability using the ELECTRE Model Case Study: Gorgan City Regions

well as the poor quality of urban design and architecture. Gorgan is also facing issues. The expansion of the city of Gorgan has caused many changes and on the other hand, due to the rapid growth and development of the migration and the inefficiency of urban plans, has caused many problems in the economic, social, and environmental aspects that have made the city aposs viability decline. Gorgan has not resolved these issues. It is then necessary to examine its viability. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the biodiversity of Gorgan. Theoretical FrameworkSince livability is a general concept, it deals with other notions such as sustainability, quality of life, spatial quality and healthy communities. Given the latest theories in urbanism, it can be said that the principles present in many of these theories such as sustainable development, smart growth, new urbanism, and compact cities are close to those with livability and quality of life enhancement. Subsequently, the criteria and indices under the focus of these theories can be applied to increase the livability of cities and urban regions. In other words, livability is multifold, hierarchical concept that may form in different levels as a set of criteria or sub criteria.MethodThe present applied research was conducted using a descriptiveanalytical method. The total population of the study included the residents of Gorgan city regions. Data were collected using library and document studies while raw data were extracted from Grogan city land use. The Shannon Entropy technique was employed to assign weights to livability indices used in the study. The ELECTRE model was also used to evaluate the extent of livability in Gorgan city regions.Results and DiscussionResults obtained from applying ELECTRE model to six regions of Gorgan city show that 404.20 hectares of the regions’ total area, that is, 11.14% involves very low livability, while 1577.41 (42.02%), 675.2 (18.62%), and 1022.5 (28.20%) hectares involve low, medium and high livability, respectively. The results indicated that the majority of Gorgan city regions are located in low livability areas.ConclusionIn recent years, urban livability has been considered as one of the most important criteria indicating the level of comfort and welfare of societies at various levels it has also been the focus of urban affair planners and managers. Subsequently, prioritizing and determining the extent of entitlement and deprivation in terms of livability aspects in urban regions are of major importance. In the present study conducted with the purpose of uncovering the status quo of Gorgan city regions, 16 indices were indicated for assessment. The ELECTRE model results showed a drastic difference between various regions of Gorgan city. Regions 7 and 8 involve the highest level of livability compared to other regions. Conversely, certain regions such as 1, 2, and 3 involve fewer facilities compared to regions 7 and 8 despite the fact they accommodate fewer population these regions have failed to meet the needs of their residents efficiently in terms of livability conditions, being at very poor levels. Consequently, a set of recommendations were posed to enhance the level of livability in Gorgan such as increasing the area of green space per capita and construction of new, large and suitable parks with respect to the presence of unused lands as proper areas to be transformed into green spaces as well as providing necessary facilities, providing financial services and credits for deprived regions, particularly region 3 of Gorgan.