مقایسه استراتژی هنجارسازی اتحادیه اروپا و ایالات‌متحده آمریکا در رویارویی با تروریسم در غرب آسیا

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﺳﺎزی اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اروﭘﺎ و اﯾﺎﻻتﻣﺘﺤﺪه آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ورود آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه از ﺳﯿﻄﺮه ﻫﻨﺠﺎر اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮی ﺛﺒﺎت اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ از ورای ﺗﻨﺶزداﯾﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪای ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﭘﯽ ﺣﻤﻼت ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﯾﺎزدﻫﻢ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ 2001، دﭼﺎر ورﺷﮑﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه ﺑﻮد. ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﯾﮑﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺎ ورود ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎی اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن و ﻋﺮاق در ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی 2001 و 2003 و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رژﯾﻢﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮج ﻧﻮﯾﻨﯽ از اﻓﺮاطﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را داﻣﻦ زدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن اداﻣﻪ دارد. ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎی آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪ درﺻﺪد ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﺗﺤﻘﻖ و اﻋﻤﺎل اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﺳﺎزی در راﺳﺘﺎی روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ در ﻗﺎره اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﺑﺮآﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﻼف دﯾﺪﮔﺎه راﯾﺞ دال ﺑﺮ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اروﭘﺎ ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه اﻋﻀﺎی ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ آن را ﻫﻤﻮاره دﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪروی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﻨﺪارد، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ اﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻮارد ﻫﻨﺠﺎری و ارزﺷﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎی آﺷﮑﺎری ﻣﯿﺎن اﻟﮕﻮی ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاری اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اروﭘﺎ و آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ وﺟﻮد دارد. از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ، اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﺳﺎزی آﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ و اروﭘﺎ در روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮی ﺑﻪﺟﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﯽﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻇﻬﻮر و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﻢ و اﻓﺮاطﮔﺮاﯾﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺳﺨﻦ، اﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋی از ورای ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رژﯾﻢ و روﯾﺎروﯾﯽ ﯾﮏﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺟﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن ﻧﻈﺎمﻫﺎی ﺣﮑﻮﻣﺘﯽ ورﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪﻏﺎﯾﺖ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯽﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪای و ﺑﻪﺗﺒﻊ آن ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ و ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آﻣﺪن و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎی ﺗﺮورﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﻏﺮب آﺳﯿﺎ و ﺷﻤﺎل آﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ، ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺌﻮرﯾﺰه ﻧﻤﻮدن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺳﺎزهاﻧﮕﺎری اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ.

analyzing of anti-terrorism normative strategy between european union and united states of america in the west asia

since 2001, the anti -terrorism policy making of european union unlike united states of america has concentrated over the reinforcement of existing domestic law enforcement instruments and on multilateral action internationally creating at least the outlines of a specific european model. structural models either realist or culturalist provide partial explanations for this. neither to say that the drug trade, organized crime and terrorism into the general category of internal security issues and to pose as an organizing question whether a european model encompassing a generalized security response to these three problems might be emerging. west of the atlantic, at least since the elections of 2000, terrorism has been emphatically removed from the category of internal security issues to be reframed as an external , and primarily a military threat , as such, it has led to a thoroughgoing reorganization of the command structure or the armed forces, with a renewed emphasis on unilateral pre-emptive and even preventive action and a defense of the &homeland& as well as militarization in style if not always in institutional responsibility on internal security. european states, including uk, on the other hand, have continued to treat the threat of terrorism first and foremost as a matter of internal security to be dealt with by courts and law enforcement agencies, action beyond borders for the states of europe has typically taken place in multilateral contexts, with an emphasis on collaboration among intelligence and law enforcement agencies.