آگاهی و نگرش دانشجویان علوم پزشکی نسبت به کوید-19

زمینه و هدف: بیماری کوید19 یک بیماری نوظهور عفونی است، که تمامی جهان با آن در گیر می‌باشد. با توجه به نوظهر بودن بیماری توجه به نگرش و آگاهی افراد درگیر در مراقبت از بیماران بسیار مهم و حائز اهمیت است. بنابراین این مطالعه به منظور تعیین نگرش و آگاهی دانشجویان علوم پزشکی درباره بیماری کوید19 انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه به صورت توصیفی - مقطعی انجام شد. اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه مجازی جمع آوری شد. 420 دانشجوی علوم پزشکی کشور در بازه زمانی 31 فروردین تا 15 اردیبهشت 1399 به صورت نمونه‌گیری داوطلبانه از بین 10 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی در این مطالعه شرکت داشتند. تحلیل داده‌ها به وسیله آزمون‌های آماری آنوای یک طرفه، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون تی مستقل با نرم افزارspss نسخه 16 انجام گردید. یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف معیار نمرات نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به بیماری کوید19به طورکلی 56/5 ± 75/58 و آگاهی آنها 27/6 ± 61/41 بود. نتایج نشان داد که بین نگرش و مشخصات جمعیت شناختی هیچ ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود ندارد. بین نمره آگاهی دانشجویان و سن (001/0(p< ، جنسیت(001/0(p< ، مقطع تحصیلی (001/0(p<، رشته تحصیلی (001/0 (p<و ترم تحصیلی (001/0 (p< ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود داشت. بین نمره اگاهی دانشجویان و نوع سکونت دانشجو، سابقه کار در بخش کرونا و سابقه شرکت در دوره‌های مجازی مرتبط با کرونا ویروس ارتباط معنی‌دار وجود نداشت.نتیجه‌گیری کلی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که دانشجویان علوم پزشکی آگاهی و نگرش قابل قبولی نسبت به بیماری کوید19 دارند. با وجود مطلوب بودن نمره کل آگاهی و نگرش، دانشحویان در برخی از سوالات نمره کمتری دریافت کرده بودند. از طرف دیگر اطلاعات ما در مورد بیماری کوید19 هر روز بیشتر می‌شود بنابراین لازم است مسئولین آموزشی دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی برنامه‌هایی را برای افزایش آگاهی و بهبود نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به بیماری‌های کووید19 طراحی و اجرا نمایند.

Knowledge and Attitude for Medical Students towards COVID-19

Background Aim: COVID19, as an emerging infectious disease, affects the whole world. The causative agent for the disease is coronavirus acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARSCoV2) and typical symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Also, muscle pain, sputum production, sore throat, lack of taste and red eyes are among the less common symptoms. In severe cases, the disease can cause severe respiratory failure and even death. COVID19 is transmitted from sick people to healthy people through respiratory droplets. Disease spread can be prevented by washing hands and other hygiene measures.The rate of transmission and prevalence for the disease is higher than other infectious diseases, however, the main point in controlling the disease is the knowledge and attitude of the community towards Corona disease, which can play a key role in controlling the disease and reduce the increasing trend. It is very important to pay attention to the attitude and awareness of people involved in patient care. According to the literature review, no study has been conducted on the knowledge and attitude for medical students towards COVID19, therefore, the current research was conducted to determine the attitude and knowledge of medical students across the country about COVID19.Materail Methods: The study was performed as descriptive crosssectional. Data were collected through a virtual selfadministered questionnaire. 420 medical students in the country participated in this study by voluntary sampling from April 20 to May 6, 2016. The final data was obtained by removing 10% of the questionnaires due to incomplete filling of 381 samples. A researchermade questionnaire was used to collect information. The questionnaire included three sections: demographic characteristics, attitude and knowledge about COVID19. The first part of the questionnaire contained questions related to demographic characteristics including age, gender, degree, field of study, semester, type of residence and university.The second part, consisting of 16 phrases, was set to determine how students #39; attitudes toward COVID19 disease rsquo; is based on the Likert scale of five options totally disagree, disagree, have no opinion, agree, strongly agree and were considered for each phrase a score of 1 to 5. The awareness section consisted of 4 dimensions (nature of disease, disease transmission, care and prevention, diagnosis and treatment) in the form of three options yes and no and I do not know that 1 positive score was applied for each correct answer. Content and face validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The opinion of 7 faculty members in the university about the questionnaire was obtained and their corrective opinions were applied in the questionnaire. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire with Cronbach #39;s alpha coefficient was 0.85 and the reliability of the knowledge questionnaire with Kuder Richardson coefficient was 0.86.Data analysis was performed by oneway ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and independent ttest with SPSS software version 16. Also, the significance level in the research was considered 0.05. Participants had full authority to complete the virtual questionnaire and data were collected anonymously.Results: Out of 381 samples, 252 (66.1%) were female students. The age range of students was 16 to 37 years and 51.1% of them belonged to the age group of 2125 years. 18 people (4.7%) in associate degree, 222 people (58.3%) in bachelor degree, 8 people (2.1%) in master degree and 133 people (34.9%) were studying in professional doctoral degree. 271 students (71.1%) were students of 14 semesters and 93 students (24.4%) of them were studying in 58 semesters. 112 students (29.4%) were studying in medicine, 129 (33.9%) were studying in nursing and 115 (30.2%) were studying in paramedical fields. Also, 57.5% of the students were natives and 96.9% of the students had no work experience in the corona sector and 83.5% of the students did not participate in the virtual courses of the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization related to the corona virus. The mean and standard deviation for students #39; attitudes toward COVID19 were generally 58.75 ± 5.56 and their knowledge was 41.61 ± 6.27. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between attitude and demographic characteristics. Besides, there was a significant relationship between students #39; knowledge score and age (p <0.001), gender (p = 0.002), degree (p <0.001), field of study (p <0.001) and semester under study (p <0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between students #39; knowledge score, type of student residence, work experience in the coronary department and history of participating in virtual courses related to coronavirus.Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, students of medical universities have an acceptable knowledge and attitude towards the disease. Despite the favorable scores in students #39; knowledge and attitudes, our knowledge about COVID19 is increasing every day. On the other hand, students should have a higher awareness and attitude rather than other students due to their presence in hospitals to minimize the possibility of transmitting the disease to themselves and other people in the community. Therefore, it is necessary for the educational authorities of medical universities to design and implement programs to increase awareness and improve students #39; attitudes toward COVID19.