اثربخشی تمرینات ادراکی-حرکتی پاریاد بر بازداری پاسخ، انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی و بازتولید زمان در کودکان دارای اختلال هماهنگی رشدی

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: اﺧﯿﺮاً ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎی درﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن دارای اﺧﺘﻼل ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ رﺷﺪی، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ زﯾﺎدی را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﭘﺎرﯾﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزداری ﭘﺎﺳﺦ، اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻣﺎن در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 8-12 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ دارای اﺧﺘﻼل ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ رﺷﺪی ﺑﻮد. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶآزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲآزﻣﻮن ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎری ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان ﭘﺴﺮ 8 ﺗﺎ 12 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺪارس ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮودﺷﺖ در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮔﻤﺎرده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ادراﮐﯽ-ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﭘﺎرﯾﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 20 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ ﺳﯽدﻗﯿﻘﻪای در ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ورزﺷﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار go/nogo، ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار اﺳﺘﺮوپ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﮑﺮر و وﯾﻠﮑﺎﮐﺴﻮن در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss24 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻧﻤﺮات ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی اﻧﻌﻄﺎفﭘﺬﯾﺮی ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﺎزداری ﭘﺎﺳﺦ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ و ﻧﻤﺮات ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻣﺎن، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، ﻧﻤﺮات ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮی ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ادراﮐﯽ ﺣﺮﮐﺘﯽ ﭘﺎرﯾﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزداری ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻣﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری دارد 0/005p .ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﭘﺎرﯾﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎزداری ﭘﺎﺳﺦ و ﺑﺎزﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ زﻣﺎن ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن دارای اﺧﺘﻼل ﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ رﺷﺪی، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد اﯾﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ روش ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدﻫﺎی اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

the effectiveness of paaryaad perceptual-motor exercises on response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and time reproduction in children with developmental coordination

introduction: recently, the use of new therapeutic approaches to improve the executive functions of children with developmental coordination disorder (dcd) has attracted the attention of researchers. the aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of paaryaad exercises on response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and time reproduction in 8-12-year-old children with dcd.methods: the current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. the statistical population of the research was all the male students aged 8 to 12 years old in maroodasht city schools in 2018, 30 of whom were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. the intervention included perceptual-motor paaryaad exercises for 20 thirty-minute sessions at the gym. data were collected using go/nogo and stroop software, and time reproduction. data analysis was done using repeated measure analysis of variance and wilcoxon test in spss 24 software.results: the results of the research showed that the scores of the experimental group regarding the variables of cognitive flexibility and response inhibition increased and the scores of time reproduction decreased. however, the scores of the control group did not change in the studied variables. moreover, the findings of the research showed that paaryaad perceptual motor exercises have a significant effect on response inhibition and time reproduction (p<0/005), but did not have a significant effect on the cognitive flexibility component (p<0/005).conclusion: considering the effectiveness of paaryaad exercises on response inhibition and time reproduction of children with dcd, it is suggested that these exercises be used as a suitable intervention method to improve some executive functions.