بررسی رابطه میان وقوع خشکسالی هیدرولوژیک و تغییرات گستره مانگروهای استان هرمزگان

ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ آب ﻫﺎی ﺟﺎری ﺳﻄﺤﯽ ورودی ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪی را در ﻣﻮرد اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ دﻫﺪ و از اﯾﻦ رو ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات دﺑﯽ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ورودی ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ (وﻗﻮع ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ) و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وﺳﻌﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی ﺧﻤﯿﺮ، ﺗﯿﺎب و ﺟﺎﺳﮏ در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 30 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ (2016-1986) ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ وﻗﻮع ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺎی ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺷﺪﯾﺪ در دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﺳﺎل 1998 در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺟﻨﻮب اﯾﺮان، ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎی واﻗﻊ در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎی روﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺧﻤﯿﺮ، ﺗﯿﺎب و ﺟﺎﺳﮏ ﻧﯿﺰ دﭼﺎر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وﺳﻌﺖ ﯾﺎ اﻓﺖ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره ﺗﺮﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺳﺎل 1998 ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎﻻی ﻣﯿﺎن وﻗﻮع ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﯿﺪروﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات وﺳﻌﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ در روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آب ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ورودی ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮه ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ آب ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻦ ورودی ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وﺳﻌﺖ و ﯾﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﻞ روﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آوردن اﻃﻼﻋﺎت دﻗﯿﻖ در ﻣﻮرد ﻧﺤﻮه ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮوﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮو اﯾﺮان داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

An investigation of the relationship between hydrological drought occurrence and areas changes of mangroves of Hormozgan province

In general, the analysis of the changes in the area of mangroves and its relationship with changes in the surface water flow into the coastal environment can provide valuable information on the adverse effects of climate change on these ecosystems. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between changes in surface water flows into the coastal environment (occurrence of hydrological drought) and changes in the areas of mangroves in Khamir, Tiab and Jask habitats were investigated in a 30year period (19862016). The results of this study showed that with the occurrence of severe and extreme hydrological droughts in the period after 1998 in the southern coasts of Iran, areas of Khamir, Tiab and Jask habitats also reduced in this period compared to the wet period before 1998. High correlation between hydrological drought occurrence and changes in mangroves areas in different habitats also indicate the adverse effect of reducing the fresh water entering the coastal environment on the areas of mangroves. The results of studies on mangroves in other parts of the world have also shown that reducing rainfall and fresh water inputs to the coastal areas reduce the areas or decrease the progression rates of mangroves. The results of this study by providing accurate information on mangroves responses to consequences of climate change can play an important role in the efficiency and success of adaptation programs to climate change and the conservation and development of mangrove forests in Iran.