بررسی تاثیر خانواده و دوستان در خشونت دانش آموزان

این پژوهش به بررسی تاثیر عوامل مختلف خانوادگی و گروه همسالان بر خشونت دانش آموزان پرداخته است که در آن از تئوری های مختلف روانشناسی اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی استفاده شده است. پژوهش به صورت پیمایشی و به کمک ابزار پرسشنامه، روی 625 نفر از دانش آموزان دبیرستان های پسرانۀ شهر تهران و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای و سیستماتیک اجرا شده است. نتایج یافته های تحقیق نشان داده است که متغیرهای بدرفتاری والدین با فرزندان، تضاد والدین با یکدیگر، عدم نظارت والدین بر رفتار فرزندان، عدم دلبستگی والدین به فرزندان، پایین بودن پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی والدین و داشتن دوستان بزهکار با خشونت دانش آموزان رابطۀ مستقیم و معناداری داشته‌اند. تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره نیز نشان داده است که متغیرهای میزان بدرفتاری والدین با فرزندان، داشتن همسالان بزهکار، عدم نظارت والدین بر فرزندان و پایین بودن پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی والدین بر خشونت دانش آموزان تاثیر مثبتی داشته‌اند که قوی ترین پیش بینی کننده، متغیر داشتن دوستان بزهکار با ضریب بتای 0.475 و ضعیف ترین آنها پایین بودن پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی والدین با ضریب بتای 0.093 بوده است. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داده است که متغیرهای میزان بدرفتاری والدین با فرزندان، داشتن همسالان بزهکار و عدم نظارت والدین بر فرزندان به صورت مستقیم، تاثیر مثبت و معنی داری بر افزایش خشونت جوانان دانش آموز داشته‌است. متغیرهای پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی والدین و عدم دلبستگی به والدین نیز به صورت غیر مستقیم از طریق متغیرهای میانی بر خشونت جوانان موثر بوده است.

Studying the Effects of Family and Friends on the Students’ Violence

Extended Abstract#13 #13 1 Introduction#13 Youth violence is a major problem that endangers public health in every society. Violence has a significant impact on the mortality of adolescents and young people in each country. Adolescents and young people are exposed to violence more than other age groups. Expansion of the scope of violence, outbreak, and aggression in the Iranian society, especially in recent years, is the most serious social harm. Family and friends play a great role in increasing or decreasing violence because they have more interaction with youth. The present study aims to investigate the students’ violence and answer the following questions: 1. How (what) is the rate of violence of high school students in Tehran? 2. What is the influence of such factors as family and friends on the violence of young people?#13 #13 2 Theoretical Framework#13 Several scholars have discussed the problem of violence, each studying this phenomenon from a different angle. Social learning theorists believe that crime, like other behaviors, is learned through acquiring the norms, values, and behaviors associated with criminal activity. In this perspective, it is assumed that children learn different behaviors through observation and imitation of behaviors that are observed or seen. The control theories assume that people apos s behavior is antisocial and people naturally tend to show deviance of behavior unless they are under control. This means that the absence or weakness of social control is the main cause of deviance. Pressure theories claim that crime is a function of conflict between the goals and tools that can use a legitimate way to achieve those goals.#13 #13 3 Methodology#13 Due to the nature of the study and the statistical population, crosssectional survey method was used. The statistical population includes all secondary school students in Tehran apos s nineteen regions. Based on the variance of the dependent variable estimated from the preliminary test and the Cochran formula with a probability of error of 4%, the sle size was estimated to be 600 people. To measure the level of students’ violence in the study, Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) was used. #13 #13 4 Results Discussion#13 The results of the study showed that mistreatment of parents with children, conflicting parents, lack of parental control over children apos s behavior, lack of parents’ attachment to children, parents’ low socioeconomic status, and delinquent friends had significant relationship with violence. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the variables of parents’ mistreatment with children, having a delinquent peer, lack of parental control, and parents’ low socialeconomic status had a positive effect on the students’ violence. The strongest predicting variable was having delinquent friends (ß= 0.475) and the weakest predictor was parents’ low socialeconomic status (ß= 0.093).#13 #13 5 Conclusions Suggestions#13 According to the survey results family and friends are the two main factors in the students’ violence. Providing a healthy family environment and close relationships between family members alongside the control of circle of students’ friends can reduce the likelihood of violence.