بررسی شهر دوستدار کودک واحساس شادی کودکان در شهر مشهد

تحقیق درحوزۀ شهرهای دوستدارکودک، به طور خاص در اروپا، از سال 1980 مورد توجه قرارگرفته که با هدف ایجاد فرصتی برای کودکان در راستای شکل دادن و یا تغییر محیط پیرامون آن ها بوده است. مسالۀ اساسی تحقیق حاضر بررسی مفهوم شهردوستدار کودک و ارتباط آن با احساس شادی و نشاط آن ها است. روش تحقیق پیمایشی و جامعۀ آماری، کودکان 9 الی 12 سال شهر مشهد بوده است و نمونه ای با حجم 250 نفر با شیوۀ نمونه گیری خوشه ای چندمرحله ای به تصادف و با دقت احتمالی مطلوب (d=0.05) و ضریب اطمینان 0.95 انتخاب شده است. ابزار سنجش متغیر مستقل تحقیق، محقق ساخته و برای متغیر وابستۀ تحقیق از پرسش نامۀ استاندارد شدۀ آکسفورد استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد 50 درصد از کودکان از فضای شهر مشهد رضایت داشته و آن را مورد پسند خود دانسته اند. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان می دهد که (0.36) از تغییرات موجود در احساس شادی کودکان، تابع متغیرهای مستقل است. این متغیرها که به ترتیب، بیشترین تاثیرگذاری را بر احساس شادی کودکان داشته اند؛ عبارت اند از: متغیرهای مشارکت اجتماعی کودکان 0.41 درصد، احساس تعلق به شهر مشهد 0.24درصد، متغیر احساس امنیت 0.11 درصد و برخورداری از خدمات و امکانات شهری 0.12 درصد. در این مدل مشارکت اجتماعی کودک، احساس تعلق به شهر مشهد، متغیر احساس امنیت، برخورداری از امکانات و خدمات شهری، احساس شادی را تقویت می کند.

A Child Friendly City and Happiness of Children in Mashhad

Extended Abstract#13 #13 1Introduction#13 Children are known as a linking factor between the past and future generations in any society. Transmission of traditions, cultures, beliefs, identity constructing backgrounds, and, if necessary, modification of the social environment are all possible through children in every community. Theories of citizenship rights for children have been followed since 1990. Most of such research has aimed to give citizenship to children and address their demands and needs. In this regard, initiatives such as the quot Cities for Children quot or quot Cities for Girls and Boys quot are defined. The plan focuses on three main factors: a) participatory planning in which children have a key role like others in shaping their environment. B) children apos s centers which give opportunity to children to shape and fulfill their ambitions. C) giving motivation and opportunity to children for their independent environmental decisionmaking without the interference of adults.#13 #13 2 Theoretical Framework#13 According to UNICEF (2004), today millions of urban children live in extreme poverty and highrisk environments, so municipalities should regard children on top of their decisions . The concept of quot child friendly city quot deals with how the government should run a city based on children’s interests and represents well known cities in which the basic rights of children, such as health, transport, support, education, and culture are exercised. Accordingly, children are defined as citizens who have rights and have the right to express their views. A Child Friendly City is not only a good city for children, but also a city made by children.#13 #13 3 Methodology#13 The method of the research is survey. To measure the dependent variable, we used standard Oxford questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed by other researchers. Finally, based on the objectives and variables, some additional questions have been added. In this research, face validity is used to evaluate the reliability, Cronbach apos s alpha coefficient was 0.81 for the dependent variable. The population was the children aged between 9 to 12 in Mashhad, out of which a sle of 250 children was selected.#13 #13 4 Results Discussion#13 Based on the results of the regression analysis, multiple correlation coefficient all the independent variables (the sense of security, belonging to the city, enjoying the amenities, and social participation) have significant impact on the explanatory variables (happiness). These variables correlate with the dependent variable(r = 0.060). The coefficient of determination (R2) also shows that 0.36 of changes in the happiness of children is the function of the independent variables.#13 #13 5 Suggestions#13 Attending to the indicators of Child Friendly City related to childfriendly environment, especially in projects with the aim of participation of children and care for their needs and demands, can provide an environment based on the wishes of children with the opportunity to get them to cooperate and assign roles to them, thereby increase social awareness and real participation and creative development in society.