مقایسۀ اثربخشی درمان راه‌حل‌محور کوتاه‌مدت و درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بر ارتباطات میان‌فردی زوجین مبتلا به افسردگی

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ اﺧﺘﻼل روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﭼﻨﺪﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آن ﺳﻄﺢ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮐﻢ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت و درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﯿﻤﻪﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮد. 45 ﻧﻔﺮ از زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻼکﻫﺎی ورود ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﺮوه درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت، ﮔﺮوه درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮔﻤﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ اول 6 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزش درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت و ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ دوم 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزش درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺰار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻫﯿﭻ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪای اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫﺎی ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﻣﺎﺗﺴﻮن ﺑﻮد. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار spss ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 24 ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداری 0/05 در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮی در ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل 42/32±4/12، در ﮔﺮوه درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت 67/18±6/75 و در ﮔﺮوه درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ 73/22±7/39 ﺑﻮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت و درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ 0/05>p . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت و درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ 0/05>p . ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ درﻣﺎن راهﺣﻞﻣﺤﻮر ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﻣﺪت و درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﯿﺎنﻓﺮدی زوﺟﯿﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Compassion-Focused Therapy on Interpersonal Relationships between Couples with Depression

Background and Objective: Depression is a multifactorial psychological disorder that is caused by various factors, such as personality, cognition, or interpersonal relationships. In people with depression, the level of interpersonal communication is highly low. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of SolutionFocused Brief Therapy and CompassionFocused Therapy on interpersonal communication between couples with depression.Materials and Methods: This quasiexperimental study was conducted based on a pretestposttest design with a control group and followup. The statistical population of the study consisted of couples with depression referring to clinics in District 1 of Mashhad, Iran, among whom, 45 samples were included in the study using inclusion criteria and a purposive random sampling method. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to the groups of SolutionFocused Brief Therapy, CompassionFocused Therapy, and the control group (n=15 pairs each). The first intervention group participated in six 90120minute sessions per week for the SolutionFocused Brief Therapy training program and the second intervention group took part in eight 120minute sessions weekly for the CompassionFocused Therapy training program. No intervention was performed for the control group. The tool employed to collect the required data was Matson’s Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters. The research data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using analysis of covariance, Lamtrix post hoc test, Scheffe post hoc test, and analysis of variance. The significance level was analyzed as α = 0.05.Results: Descriptive findings showed that the mean scores of the variable interpersonal relationships in the pretest, posttest, and followup stages were obtained respectively at 44.32±4.68, 45.51±4.50, and 42.32±4.12 for the control group; 45.53±4.77, 59.32±5.93, and 67.18±6.75 for the SolutionFocused Brief Therapy group; and 43.19±4.62, 63.74±6.04, and 73.22±7.39 for the CompassionFocused Therapy group. The results of comparing the groups showed that SolutionFocused Brief Therapy and CompassionFocused Therapy had significant effects on the interpersonal relationships between couples with depression (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of SolutionFocused Brief Therapy and CompassionFocused Therapy on the interpersonal communications between couples with depression (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that shortterm SolutionFocused Brief Therapy and CompassionFocused Therapy were effective on the interpersonal relationships of couples with depression. Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that family counselors and couple therapists use the methods and practices of SolutionFocused Brief Therapy and CompassionFocused Therapy to improve the level of interpersonal relationships between depressed couples.