a comparative study of β-cyclodextrin nanocomposites and their ingredients: characterization, antioxidant evaluation, and biocompatibility analysis

Background: cyclodextrin based nanosponge (cdns) as a novel delivery system has not been compared in terms of antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials with its individual components. given that oxidative stress and cytotoxicity play pivotal roles in various diseases, the authors sought to evaluate the properties of the synthesized cdnss and their components, β-cyclodextrin (β-cd) and carbonyldiimidazole (cdi). these carriers have been widely used in pharmaceutical sciences for various purposes. demonstrating their remarkable characteristics can guide researchers in making accurate applications and selections. methods: two types of cdnss were synthesized with different cross-linker ratios. the analysis involved dynamic light scattering (dls), differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), and solid-state nmr methods. the antioxidant activity was determined through dpph scavenging activity, glutathione peroxidase assay, and detection of reactive oxygen species levels. additionally, the cellular cytotoxicity of the materials was characterized using the mtt test. results: the results confirmed the synthesis of cdnss with 1:2 and 1:4 β-cd:cdi molar ratios. the antioxidant results revealed that β-cd and cdi exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to cdnss with 1:2 and 1:4 ratios. based on the mtt results, all four compounds demonstrated almost complete cytocompatibility with at least 50% cell viability. conclusion: following the successful synthesis of cdnss, it can be inferred that these materials are non-toxic. however, the process of nanosponging did not enhance the antioxidant activity of β-cd and cdi.