a cadaveric study of the accessory phrenic nerve: assessment of prevalence, origin, and clinical significance

Introduction: phrenic nerve injury is a common complication during cardiovascular surgeries. therefore, a precise understanding of its anatomy and branches is crucial. the accessory phrenic nerve (apn) is a related branch of the phrenic nerve. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of the apn and its anatomical variations.methods: twenty-six adult male cadavers were dissected using grant’s method, yielding 52 nerve specimens. the phrenic nerve branches were examined for the presence or absence of apns. all parameters were documented bilaterally and recorded in pre-designed tables.results: the total prevalence of apn was 30.77% (8 of 26 cadavers). in five cases, apn was bilateral, while in three cases, it was unilateral (two left-sided and one right-sided). in five cadavers, the apn originated from the root of the fifth cervical nerve, while in three cases, it branched from the nerve to the subclavius.conclusion: the frequency and variable origin of apns provide valuable insights for clinicians and surgeons performing thoracic surgeries.