Immunological Effects of Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21on the Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Introduction: cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. in terms of globalmortality, colorectal cancer (crc) is the second most prevalent cancer form. typically, the initial step intreating colon cancer is surgery to remove tumors. a referral for further treatments like chemotherapy andradiation therapy could also be made. however, because of medication resistance and a lack of focusedtreatments, it is constantly necessary to create new cancer therapy methods. this investigation examinedthe impact of the oncolytic coxsackievirus a21 (cva21) on a mouse model of colorectal cancer.methods: thirty balb/c mice were divided into three equal groups randomly. 5×106 ct-26 cells,a colonic carcinoma cell line, were injected into the left flank of each animal to simulate colorectalcancer. group a was treated with pbs once the palpable tumor was discovered (18 days later), groupb was treated with the oncolytic cva21 (106 tcid50/ml, twice at one-week intervals), and groupc was treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu), 50 mg/kg, twice at one-week interval. the mice wereeuthanized ten days after the final injection, and the spleens were removed and examined understerile circumstances to determine the lymphocyte proliferation index, ldh, no, il-4, il-10, ifn-γ,and tgfβ production levels. a significant p˂0.05 level was considered in all evaluations.results: the current study’s findings showed that when compared to the control group,treatment with cva21 increased no (30.5±4.10 μm), ldh (58.18±4.61 %), and ifn-γ(44.82±3.72 pg/ml) levels and significantly decreased the secretion of il-4 (30.07±3.34 pg/ml), il-10 (62.11±5.69 pg/ml), and tgf-β (56.66±6.88 pg/ml).conclusion: the cva21 treatment for colorectal cancer appears to have some potential benefits. inother words, the study’s findings demonstrated that using oncolytic viruses also activates the innateimmune system by raising levels of nitric oxide and the acquired immune system. the favorable benefitsof the combination may also be attributable to immunological divergence in the current study from antiinflammatorycytokines (such as il-4, il-10, and tgf-β) to pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as ifn-γ.