Morphological Assessment of Iron Oxide NanoparticlesEffects on the Chicken Embryo; Teratogenic Aspect

Introduction: in the last decades, magnetic nanoparticles have been considered and are beingstudied for employment in tumor therapy and imaging. also, alongside their utilization in therole of mri contrast factors, investigations of targeting tumor cells with biomolecules likeanticancer drugs, antibodies, and sirna, the utility of magnetic nanoparticles is evaluated.this preliminary work aimed to investigate the effects of iron oxide nps on embryo growthand development with an emphasis on brain morphology and teratogenic effects.methods: after recognizing the air sac with candling, one hundred sixty fertile eggs of the ross308 broiler strains were divided into 8 groups (n=20). group 1 (control) received 0.3 ml serumnormal. groups 2, 3, and 4 received iron oxide nanoparticles as maghemite with doses of 100,250, and 500 ppm, respectively. groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 received iron oxide nps as magnetitewith doses of 100, 250, 500, and 2500 ppm, respectively. twenty days after injections, deathday, chicken, brain, liver, heart, bursa of fabricius, and spleen weights and teratogenic sampleswere recorded, and brain tissues from all chickens were collected for histological evaluations.results: the results demonstrated that iron oxide nps had teratogenic effects such as thelack of formation of abdominal wall muscles and exposing the heart out of the thorax. also,alterations were observed in the weight ratio of the liver, spleen, and bursa of fabricius inexperimental groups compared to the control group. in the microscopic assessment of the braintissue, hyperemia, neuronophagia, edema around vessels, necrosis, and vacuolation of neuronswere noticeable.conclusion: it can be concluded that iron oxide nps affect the growth and development of embryos and can cross the bbb and penetrate the brain tissue by affecting brain morphology.