تعیین سهم عوامل روانشناختی در فرایند تسهیل سوگ والدین دارای کودک مبتلا به سرطان : پژوهش آمیخته

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎی داغ دﯾﺪﮔﯽ، واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎی ﺟﺴﻤﯽ، رواﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ رﻓﺘﺎری ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮد داغدﯾﺪه از ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮوز ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻮگ در واﻟﺪﯾﻦ دارای ﮐﻮدک ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ را ﻣﺎدراﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺛﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎری ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻓﻮت ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ 54ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎی ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎی اﻧﻔﺮادی و ﺑﺮای ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪوﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﯽ از روش اﺟﺮای ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری اﮐﺘﺸﺎ ﻓﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﻫﺎی ﻏﯿﺮﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، راﻫﺒﺮد ﮐﻨﺎر آﻣﺪن ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ، درﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﺸﺎوره ای و روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدی، وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ (ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ)، ﺧﺸﻢ از ﺧﺪا/ دﻧﯿﺎ/ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، ﺑﯽاﻋﺘﻤﺎدی ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺮگ، اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ، اﺟﺘﻨﺎب، اﻧﺰوا، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﻫﺎی ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ از دﺳﺖ دادن ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ، ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت زﻧﺎﺷﻮﯾﯽ، ﺑﯽ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت درﻣﺎﻧﯽ، اﺣﺴﺎس ﮔﻨﺎه، ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎر در ﺣﺎل ﻣﺮگ و ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻮگ در واﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدک ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎری ﺳﺮﻃﺎن از دﺳﺖ داد هاﻧﺪ، ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪی، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪﻫﺎی ﻏﯿﺮﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ، راﻫﺒﺮد ﮐﻨﺎر آﻣﺪن ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮدی، وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ (ﺳﺮﺳﺨﺘﯽ)، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻫﯿﺠﺎﻧﯽ و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ در ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺳﻮگ در و اﻟﺪﯾﻨﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدک ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎری ﺳﺮﻃﺎن از دﺳﺖ داده اﻧﺪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد.

The contribution of psychological factors affecting the process of facilitating parental grief of a child with cancer: Mixed method

The aim of this study was to determine the level of psychological factors which effectively contribute to the facilitation of the bereaving process of mothers who had lost their children to cancer.Methods: The current research was a purposive descriptive study with the statistical universe of mothers whose children had lost their lives in the battle with cancer. Out of this statistical universe, 54 people were chosen using snowball sampling.Results: The results of the study reveal that selfefficiency, unemotional coping, meaningcentered coping approach, Get counseling and psychological services, Spouse support, Social support and family support, quality of interpersonal relationships, personal characteristics (hardiness), Being involved with a child’s memory, Anger at God / the world / nature, Lack of confidence in the continuation of life after death, Release by the health system, Feeling lonely, avoid, Isolation, emotional coping, speed of losing a child, Seeing children of their child’s age, marital conflicts, Lack of confidence in the quality of healthcare, feel guilty, A record of dying patient care, Distortion were variables which contributed to the facilitation of the bereavement of parents whose children had died of cancer.Conclusion: In light of the results of this study, the utilization of the following variables of selfefficiency, unemotional coping, meaningcentered coping approach, quality of interpersonal relationships, personal characteristics (hardiness), emotional coping and physical symptoms to facilitate the bereaving process of those mothers who lost their children due to cancer can be suggested