اثر بخشی تقویت رفتاری مثبت مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر استرس، اضطراب و افسردگی مادران کودکان مبتلا به اتیسم

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ، از اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ رﻧﺞ ﻣﯽﺑﺮﻧﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ذﻫﻦآﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎدران اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﮐﺎر ﺳﯽ ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺎدران دارای ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن 6-8 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ از ﻣﺪارس ﺷﻬﺮ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و در 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 120 دﻗﯿﻘﻪای ﺗﺤﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﯾﮏ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎس ﺑﺮای ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ذﻫﻦآﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺘﺮس ادراک ﺷﺪه، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﮏ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺎدران ﻗﺒﻞ، ﺑﻠﺎﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ در ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدک ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ، ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات دو ﮔﺮوه در زﻣﺎنﻫﺎی ﺑﻠﺎﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ و ﯾﮏ ﻣﺎه ﭘﺲ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری داﺷﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮات اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن اﺗﯿﺴﺘﯿﮏ در ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ اﻣﺎ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ در ﻃﻮل زﻣﺎن، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری داشت (p<0.001)ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ذﻫﻦآﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ دﻫﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رﻓﺘﺎری ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺳﺘﺮس، اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﯿﻒ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد.

Effectiveness of MindfulnessBased Positive Behavior Support (MBPBS) on Stress, Depression and Anxiety of Mothers of Children with Autism Disorder

Background and objectives: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder suffer from stress, anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine the MindfulnessBased Positive Behavior Support on stress, depression and anxiety of these mothers.Methods: Thirty mothers with children aged 68 years old with autism spectrum disorder were selected randomly from Gorgan Special Schools and were randomly divided into 2 groups of intervention and control. An expert psychiatrist educated MBPBS to the intervention group in 8 sessions. The assessment tools included the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory, completed by all mother before, immediately and one month after the intervention. Independent ttest was used to compare the two groups. Results: Before intervention, mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress in mothers of autistic children were not significantly different between the intervention and control groups, but the mean scores of the two groups were significantly different after intervention and one month after the intervention; mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress of mothers of autistic children did not change significantly in the control group over time, but decreased significantly in the intervention group (P