مقایسه اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد و واقعیت درمانی بر مسئولیت‌پذیری و خودکارآمدی زنان مطلقه

مقدمه: پدیده طلاق یکی از پیچیده‌ترین مشکلات زندگی زناشویی در تمام جوامع به شمار می‌رود و این پیچیدگی به دلیل نقش عوامل گوناگون در بروز این پدیده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد و واقعیت درمانی بر مسئولیت‌ پذیری و خودکارآمدی در زنان مطلقه انجام شد.روش‌ کار: پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌ آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون_پس‌آزمون و پیگیری سه ماه، با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی زنان مطلقه شهر همدان که بین سال‌های 1401-1398 به دادگاه خانواده شهرستان همدان مراجعه کرده بودند که از میان آنها 60 نفر به صورت هدفمند به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و سپس با جایگزینی تصادفی در 3 گروه واقعیت درمانی ، پذیرش و تعهد و کنترل قرار داده شدند (هر گروه 20 نفر). ابزار پژوهش شامل پروتکل درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد twohig (2006)، پروتکل واقعیت ‌درمانی (2013) که هفته‌ای یکبار به مدت 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای برگزار شد و دو پرسشنامه مسئولیت‌پذیری gough (1982) و خودکارآمدی عمومی sherer و همکاران (1982) بود. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره و تحلیل واریانس با اندازه ‌گیری مکرر با استفاده از نرم‌ افزارspss-25  انجام شد.یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان دادند که هر دو روش درمانی باعث افزایش مسئولیت ‌پذیری و خودکارآمدی این زنان شده‌اند. (0/001=p) به علاوه یافته ها نشان می دهند که درمان پذیرش و تعهد در افزایش خودکارآمدی موثرتر بوده است و واقعیت‌ درمانی در افزایش مسئولیت‌پذیری موثرتر بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، می‌توان درمان پذیرش و تعهد و واقعیت ‌درمانی را برای افزایش مسئولیت‌پذیری و خودکارآمدی زنان مطلقه استفاده نمود. البته برای افزایش خودکارآمدی بهتر است درمان پذیرش و تعهد خط نخست درمان باشد. و برای مسئولیت ‌پذیری واقعیت درمانی. بنابراین درمانگران و مشاوران می‌ توانند برای افزایش مسئولیت‌ پذیری و خودکارآمدی از این دو شیوه استفاده نمایند.

comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy on the responsibility and self-efficacy of divorced women

introductionmodern life’s most significant stressor is divorce, drastically altering a person’s lifestyle. divorce lowers self-efficacy in women and single mothers. bandura’s social-cognitive theory defines self-efficacy as a person’s perception of competence, sufficiency, and life-coping abilities. this study also assessed responsibility. responsibility is meeting needs without denying others.psychologists and counselors utilize many methods to boost self-efficacy and responsibility. this study uses acceptance and commitment, and reality therapy. acceptance and commitment therapy (act) helps people alter their connection with their ideas and emotions via acceptance and value-based behavior. william glasser calls reality therapy a choice-based evolutionary systemic psychotherapy. this theory views humans as an inwardly motivated system with purposeful activity and a perpetual pursuit of life balance. research indicates that act can provide significant support and benefits to women who are going through or have completed the divorce process. in addition to prioritizing action and strategic planning, these two behavioral models concentrate on distinct aspects of human life, which forms the basis of their comparison. this study examines whether act and reality therapy, which view destructive relationships as the root of human problems, have the same effect on divorced women’s self-efficacy and responsibility.methodsquantitative and applied, this quasi-experimental study has a pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up with a control group. the statistical population includes all divorced women in hamedan who were referred to family court-supervised therapy clinics between 2019 and 2021.inclusion criteria: 1. participants are assessed for mental health using the symptoms checklist-90-revised questionnaire (derogatis et al., 1973) and accepted if they are healthy.2. 25-45-year-olds participate.3. divorced 1-3 years.4. participants are high school graduates.exclusion criteria: 1. psychologically treated participants.2. non-drug-treated participants.3. missed training sessions.4. study participants can quit.following procurement of the ethical code (ir-iau-rec.1401.076) from the university, the research team made visits to rouzbeh, farzaneh, and mehravar counseling centers in hamedan, iran, to seek permission for conducting research. eligible individuals signed informed consent papers, and a university staff member led two experimental groups via eight weekly 90-minute therapy sessions. the control group received no intervention. professional ethics require that control group members receive individual therapies following the treatment period. after the intervention, all groups had a post-test and follow-up and thanked the participants.collecting data:1. responsibility acceptance questionnaire (gap, 1984).2. gseq (sherer et al., 1982).3, reality therapy procedure.4. act protocol.resultsa total of 55 participants were divided among three groups: reality therapy (18 participants), act (17 participants), and a control group (20 participants). the average age of participants in the reality therapy group was 31.33 years, with a standard deviation (sd) of 4.17 years. meanwhile, those in the act group had an average age of 30.18 years with a sd of 7.04 years. lastly, the control group’s members had a mean age of 32.20 years and a sd of 4.34 years. within the group of reality therapy participants, 12 were parents, while six were not. conversely, in the act group, only four participants had children, whereas 13 did not. the control group consisted of seven parents and 13 individuals without children.as for educational background, six members of the reality therapy group and nine members of the control group had graduated high school, while three did not. in the act group, nine participants held a high school diploma, six had further education, and two did not complete high school. the control group comprised eight high school graduates, ten with further education, and two who did not finish high school.regarding marriage longevity, marriages among reality therapy participants lasted between 22.5 and 42.2 years. couples in the act group were married for either 53.5 or 38.2 years, while those in the control group had marriages lasting 15.6 or 18.2 years. lastly, the average time post-divorce for the reality therapy group was 24.67 to 7.84 months. act group had 27.06 and 0.94 months since the divorce. the control group was 26.55 and 7.19 months divorced. results demonstrate the three research groups’ pre-test, post-test, and follow-up responsibility and self-efficacy components. both experimental groups increased responsibility and self-efficacy post-test and follow-ups. control remained unaltered. the shapiro-wilk values of the dependent variables for the three groups of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were examined to assess data distribution normality. both dependent variables were negligible in all three groups and stages. group and three study stage dependent variables are normally distributed. levene’s test examined group homogeneity assumption of responsibility and self-efficacy error variances. levene’s test demonstrates that groups and three stages had an equal variance in responsibility and self-efficacy measure error scores. this helps research variable error variance homogeneity. mauchly’s test confirmed the dependent variables’ covariance matrices’ sphericity. repeated measures analysis of variance analyzed data after validating assumptions. results demonstrate the reality and act therapy multivariate analysis on responsibility and self-efficacy. results demonstrate that independent variables significantly affect responsibility and self-efficacy. results illustrate repeated measures analysis of realism, act improving responsibility and self-efficacy. responsibility and self-efficacy reveal solid group-time connections. independent variables strongly affected responsibility and self-efficacy. finally, findings present responsibility and self-efficacy bonferroni post-hoc test findings for the three groups and implementation stages.results show that pre-test and post-test responsibility and mean self-efficacy scores differ statistically. accordingly, post-test and follow-up differ. responsibility and self-efficacy scores differ between reality therapy, act, and controls. reality, acceptance, and commitment treatment increased pre-test, post-test, follow-up responsibility, and mean self-efficacy scores. reality therapy, act differ significantly in responsibility and self-efficacy (p=0.015 and 0.042, respectively). this study found that reality therapy and act improved divorced women’s accountability and self-efficacy. reality therapy improves divorced women’s responsibility more than act, which improves self-efficacy.conclusionact increases divorced women’s accountability. afshari et al. (2022) (27), barrett-naylor et al. (2018) (28), and flujas-contreras and gomez (2018) (29) found similar results.in the act model, participants learn to accept painful inner and exterior situations without fighting or coping. acceptance lets people follow their values and give up control. this approach emphasizes goal formulation and values defined as the life route. goals and values