اثربخشی درمان شناختی مبتنی بر مثبت‌‌اندیشی بر افسردگی، استرس و اضطراب مادران با سابقه ابتلا به کووید-19

مقدمه: شیوع بیماری کووید-19 منجر به تغییراتی در زندگی عادی خانواده‌ها شده و سبک زندگی را به ‌طور خاص تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. از سوی دیگر، زنان به دلیل رویدادهای بحرانی و استرس زا (بارداری، زایمان و...) در زندگی خود خطر ابتلا به اختلالات روانی را افزایش می ‌دهند. لذا هدف این پژوهش به بررسی اثربخشی درمان شناختی مبتنی بر مثبت‏‌اندیشی بر افسردگی، استرس و اضطراب مادران با سابقه ابتلا به کووید-19 بود.روش کار: پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌ آزمایشی با پیش‎آزمون و پس‎آزمون بود. جامعه پژوهش کلیه مادران با سابقه ابتلا به کووید-19 شهر همدان در سال 1401 بودند. در ابتدا دو مرکز بهداشتی_درمانی به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و سپس از بین مادران مراجعه‌ کننده که سابقه ابتلا به کووید-19 داشتند، تعداد 40 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده و به طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه 20 نفر) قرار گرفتند. داده ‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه‎ جمعیت‏‌شناختی، پرسشنامه اضطراب و افسردگی beck و پرسشنامه استرس cohen جمع ‌آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده آزمون ‌های همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل کوواریانس به وسیله نرم‎افزار spss-24 انجام شد.یافته‌ ها: نتایج نشان داد که سن 42/5 درصد مادران  بین 30 تا 40 سال و 65 درصد آنها دارای مدرک دیپلم بودند. بر اساس نتایج بین سن مادران و استرس (0/000=p) و اضطراب (0/024=p) رابطه معناداری وجود داشت. تفاوت افسردگی پیش و پس از درمان شناختی مثبت‏اندیشی معنادار نبود (0/310=p)، اما این درمان بر استرس (0/038= p،2/486=f) و اضطراب مادران (0/000= p،11/96=f) تاثیر داشت. نتیجه ‌گیری: مداخله مثبت ‌اندیشی باعث کاهش افسردگی، استرس و اضطراب می ‌شود که منجر به سازگاری با بیماری و کاهش مشکلات مربوط به اختلالات روانی و به طور کلی افزایش شرایط روانی بهتر در رابطه با بیماری کرونا می‌ شود. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر، استفاده از شناخت درمانی مبتنی بر مثبت ‌اندیشی در کلینیک ‌های روان ‌شناسی به عنوان یک روش مداخله‌ ای موثر توصیه می ‌شود.

effect of cognitive therapy based on positive thinking on depression, stress, and anxiety of mothers after recovering from covid-19

introductionin december 2019, the world health organization (who) announced the outbreak of a new viral infectious disease that originated in wuhan, china (1). covid-19 is highly contagious, causing acute respiratory syndrome (2). this disease has led to the death of more than six million people in the world (3). in 2022, the who identified this disease as a significant threat to both physical and mental health due to its impact on lifestyle changes. adapting to pregnancy, childbirth, and taking care of babies is one of the most critical and stressful events in a woman’s life, increasing the likelihood of psychological disorders in women (4, 5). during the covid-19 pandemic, with the increase in mortality rate and social isolation, the prevalence of many psychological disorders increased (6). it is necessary to identify people prone to these disorders in order to improve the mental health of society with appropriate psychological methods and techniques (7). all of the people, specifically healthcare staff, are at the highest risk of mental disorders (8). depression, stress, fear, and frustration can make people susceptible to diseases such as coronavirus (9). anxiety seems to be primarily due to the lack of information about unknown diseases among people (10). during the pandemic of this disease, stress and fear of the disease and death cause people to be involved with the anxiety of the disease (11). the anxiety of this disease, being quarantined at home, and the closing of many recreational and educational centers has threatened all members of society, exclusively mothers, and have made them susceptible to anxiety disorders, depression, and fear (13). fear and anxiety among people due to the unknown nature of this disease cause irreparable damage to people’s health. among these injuries, we can mention significant mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, panic disorders, and behavioral disorders. factors that cause these disorders include being away from family, loneliness, receiving false information from social media, financial insecurity, and loss of loved ones. furthermore, the obligation to observe quarantine and stay away from others can cause people to suffer from depression (14). the importance of the physical and mental health of mothers in society is evident; considering the increasing growth of mental disorders, it is necessary to identify and provide medical services for them (15). positive psychology emphasizes the increase of mental health and scientific study on the role of personal strengths and positive social systems in promoting optimal health. the goal of this approach is to improve people’s living standards. positive psychology deals with the positive issues of life, such as emotional regulation, well-being, positive thinking, and the like. besides, it has an effect on improving compliance with treatment and reducing the anxiety of corona in patients (16, 17). positive thinking refers to the process of focusing on positive emotions and positive behavioral habits. one study on positive thinking shows that it helps in coping with stress, anxiety, and other psychological disorders as well (18). therefore, in this research, the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on positive thinking on depression, stress, and anxiety of mothers with a history of covid-19 has been studied.methodsthis study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. the population of the research was all mothers with a history of being infected with covid-19 in hamedan city, iran, in 2021-2022. first, two healthcare centers were randomly selected. forty mothers, aged 20-55 years, with at least a primary school education and who attended the training sessions, were chosen based on specific criteria. those with a history of positive thinking courses, psychological disorders, or incomplete questionnaires were excluded. the selected participants were then randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group and a control group. the experimental group participated in the sessions. over the course of four weeks, participants engaged in cognitive therapy focused on positive thinking, attending two 1.5-hour sessions each week for a total of eight sessions. these sessions introduced participants to key concepts and techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy centered on positive thinking. additionally, participants were