مقایسه اثربخشی درمان‌های شناختی‌رفتاری و هیجان‌مدار بر احساس تنهایی در زنان متاهل قربانی خشونت خانگی

مقدمه: خشونت خانگی نوع خاصی از خشونت است که در سطح خانواده اعمال و منجر به آسیب یا رنج جسمی، روانی و جنسی می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، مقایسه اثربخشی درمان‌های شناختی_رفتاری و هیجان ‌مدار بر احساس تنهایی در زنان متاهل قربانی خشونت خانگی بود.روش کار: این پژوهش نیمه ‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون_پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه زنان قربانی خشونت خانگی مراجعه ‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره تهران در سال 1398 بودند. جهت نمونه ‌گیری از بین مراکز مشاوره شهر تهران دو مرکز به صورت تصادفی انتخاب گردیدند و از بین مراجعین آنها 60 نفر به روش نمونه ‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه‌ آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل (هر گروه 20 نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه‌های آزمایشی در 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه‌ای به صورت هفتگی تحت درمان شناختی_رفتاری و درمان هیجان ‌مدار قرار گرفتند؛ گروه کنترل در لیست انتظار درمان قرار گرفت. به منظور گردآوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه‌‌های خشونت خانگی و احساس تنهایی استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغییری با نرم ‌افزار spss24 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ ها: نتایج نشان داد، هر دو درمان‌ شناختی_رفتاری و هیجان ‌مدار بر کاهش احساس تنهایی در زنان متاهل قربانی خشونت خانگی اثربخش بودند و این اثر در طول زمان تداوم داشت (0.001>p). بین اثربخشی و تداوم اثر درمان‌های شناختی_رفتاری و هیجان ‌مدار بر کاهش احساس تنهایی تفاوت معناداری وجود نداشت (0.05>p). نتیجه ‌گیری: یافته ‌های این مطالعه نشان داد با استفاده از این روش‌های درمانی می‌توان سلامت روانی زنان متاهل قربانی خشونت خانگی را بهبود بخشید، بنابراین به کارگیری این روش‌ها توسط مشاوران و روان شناسان در دادگستری ‌ها، اداره زندان ‌ها، کمیته امداد و انجمن اولیا و مربیان در آموزش و پرورش توصیه می‌شود.

Comparison effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and emotion focused therapy on loneliness in married women victims of domestic violence

Introduction: Domestic violence is a particular type of violence that is perpetrated at the family level and leads to physical, psychological, and sexual harm or suffering. Considering violence against women is more and more observed in our country due to social and economic issues. Due to the vulnerability of this group of women whose psychological injuries do not end in the individual and may become social injuries, it is necessary to use interventions to improve the mental health of these women, so this issue is felt more than ever. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT) on loneliness in married women victims of domestic violence.Methods: The experimental research method with the pretestposttest design was followup with the control group. The study rsquo;s statistical population included all women victims of domestic violence who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019. For sampling among the counseling centers of Tehran, two centers were randomly selected, and among their clients were selected by purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included a score higher than the average in the questionnaires of domestic violence against women and feelings of loneliness, being married, having at least three years of cohabitation, age range 2540 years, commitment to participate in all treatment sessions, and not receiving individual counseling and psychological services during participation in treatment sessions and also not having a specific physical or mental illness. Exclusion criteria included remarriage, absence from treatment sessions, and unwillingness to continue participating in the study. After selecting the eligible samples and selecting them randomly in the experimental and control groups (20 people in each group), the first experimental group underwent cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT), the second experimental group under (EFT), and the control group on the waiting list were treated. Haj Yahya Domestic Violence and Loneliness Questionnaires Ditommasso, Brannen Best were used to collect data. The experimental groups underwent cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) (8 sessions of 90 minutes) and emotion therapy (EFT) (8 sessions of 90 minutes); the control group was placed on a waiting list for treatment. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.Results: The results revealed that both cognitivebehavioral (CBT) and emotionoriented (EFT) therapies were effective in reducing feelings of loneliness in married women victims of domestic violence. This effect persisted over time (P<0.01) between the effectiveness and persistence of therapeutic effects. There was no significant difference between cognitivebehavioral (CBT) and emotionoriented (EFT) in reducing loneliness in married women victims of domestic violence (P>0.05).Conclusion: Therefore, using these treatment methods can improve the mental health of married women victims of domestic violence and the use of these methods by counselors and psychologists in the judiciary, prison administration, Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, and the Association of Parents and Educators in education and Breeding is recommended. It is suggested that similar studies can be conducted with different groups of women in domestic violence (especially men affected by domestic violence) in other cities and with different cultures to remove the limitations of the generalizability of the results. Performing followup in future research will determine the continued effectiveness of the treatments used.