طراحی و مطالعه اثربخشی برنامه بازی‌های توان‌بخشی شناختی بر کارکرد اجتماعی کودکان با اختلال اتیسم

مقدمه: مهارت ‌های اجتماعی یکی از ضرورت ‌های زندگی اجتماعی است که اغلب افراد مبتلا به اختلال اتیسم، دچار نقص در این مهارت ‌ها هستند از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی و مطالعه اثربخشی برنامه بازی های توان‌بخشی شناختی به منظور بهبود کارکرد اجتماعی کودکان با اختلال طیف اتیسم انجام گرفت.روش کار: روش پژوهش از لحاظ گردآوری اطلاعات از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با پیش‌ آزمون و پس ‌آزمون همراه با گروه کنترل و به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی بود. جامعه آماری شامل، کلیه کودکان اتیستیک عملکرد بالا مراکز آموزشی و توان ‌بخشی شهر یزد در سال 9998 بود. از بین کل جامعه هدف تعداد 18 کودک اتیستیک به روش نمونه‌ گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده و به صورت کاملا تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (9 نفر) و کنترل (9 نفر) قرار گرفتند. برنامه مداخله ‌ای بازی ‌های توان ‌بخشی شناختی، در 12 جلسه متوالی 60 دقیقه‌ ای، دو جلسه در هر هفته در طول سه ماه برای گروه آزمایش اجرا شد. از نیمرخ مهارت ‌های اجتماعی، برای گردآوری اطلاعات استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کواریانس یک متغیره (ancova) با نرم افزار spss22 انجام گرفت. یافته‌ ها: نتایج نشان داد که برنامه مداخله ‌ای بازی ‌های توان ‌بخشی شناختی بر هر سه متغیر کارکرد اجتماعی یعنی تعامل اجتماعی متقابل، مشارکت اجتماعی و رفتارهای اجتماعی ناپخته تاثیر معناداری داشت هرچند سطح معناداری برای هر سه متغیر یکسان نبود. نتیجه ‌گیری: با توجه به این که جدی ‌ترین مشکل کودکان اتیستیک نقص در مهارت ‌های اجتماعی است و همچنین تاثیر پایدار برنامه مداخله‌ ای بازی ‌های توان ‌بخشی شناختی بر بهبود کارکردهای اجتماعی کودکان با اختلال طیف اتیسم، کاربست این برنامه در تمام مراکز ویژه اختلال اتیسم به عنوان یک برنامه آموزشی پیشنهاد می ‌شود.

Developing and determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation games on the social function of autistic children

Introduction: Social skills are one of the necessities of social life that most children with autism have a defect in these skills. Social skills impairment is the cause of many problems in social and communication situations. They have severe problems in other areas, including daily activity skills. This research focuses more on communication and social problems. Therefore, the present study aims to develop cognitive rehabilitation games to improve children rsquo;s social function with autism disorder.Methods: The research method in terms of collecting information was the semiexperimental type with pretest and posttest, and the control group and in terms of purpose, it was the applied type. The statistical population included all autistic children of Yazd Educational and Rehabilitation centers in 2019. Of the total target population, 18 autistic children were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental group (N=9) and the control group (N=9). The intervention program was implemented for three consecutive months in 12 consecutive sessions for the experimental group. This intervention program was implemented for the control group to comply with the ethical principles of the research. Also, testimonial was received from each of the participants in this study. If they were reluctant to continue the cooperation, they could leave the research. A social profile questionnaire was used to collect data. This social profile questionnaire was standardized on Iranian samples by Rezayi (2019). The social skills profile has 48 questions or items with three quizzes on a fourpoint Likert scale (never, sometimes, often, always). Its total validity coefficient using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method is 0.90, and the validity coefficient of its components is reported to be social interaction with the coefficient of validity 0.98, social participation 0.92, and immature social behaviors 0.85, respectively. Features of this profile represent a wide range of social behaviors, such as initiation skills, twoway social interactions, perspective, and nonverbal communication skills that individuals with autism spectrum disorder display in social and communicative situations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean, variance, and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test by SPSS22 software.Results: The analyzed results by ANCOVA revealed that the cognitive rehabilitation intervention program had a significant effect on all three social function variables, i.e., social interaction, social participation, and immature social behaviors, although the level of significance was not the same for all three variables. The results obtained in this study were coextensive with the results of many similar studies. Adverse findings were also obtained because they were not among the studychr('39')s objectives and were not reported.Conclusion: Considering that the most severe problem of autistic children as a social impairment that impact of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention program on improving social functions of children with an autism spectrum disorder, the use of cognitive rehabilitation intervention program is suggested as an educational and rehabilitation package in all special centers for autistic children and other children with neurodevelopmental disorders as a training and rehabilitation program. It is also suggested that specialized and trained people should implement this rehabilitation package.Keywords: