اندازه‌گیری و رتبه‌بندی شاخص فرصت‌های توسعه در استان‌های ایران

برابری فرصت‌های توسعه یکی از اهداف اجتماعی- اقتصادی و پیش‌نیازی اساسی برای حصول پایداری اقتصادی و پیشرفت یکپارچه کشور به شمار می‌رود. در این پژوهش 69 شاخص توسعه مربوط به بخش‌های فرهنگی- اجتماعی، آموزشی، زیربنایی، بهداشتی- درمانی، زیست محیطی و اقتصادی جهت شناسایی و مقایسه فرصت توسعه 30 استان‌ کشور مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. به‌ منظور تعیین اوزان شاخص‌ها از روش آنتروپی شانون و برای رتبه‌بندی استان‌ها از لحاظ میزان دسترسی به فرصت‌های هر بخش از روش تاپسیس استفاده شد. در نهایت با بهره‌گیری از تکنیک تاکسونومی، درجه برخورداری استان‌ها از مجموع فرصت‌های شش‌گانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان از وجود اختلاف و شکاف عمیق در توزیع و تخصیص امکانات و فرصت‌ها بین استان‌های کشور دارد؛ به طوری ‌که استان تهران برخوردارترین و استان‌های کردستان، خراسان جنوبی، لرستان، آذربایجان غربی و خراسان شمالی محروم‌ترین استان‌ها تعیین شدند. با توجه به اختلاف زیاد به مسئولان توصیه می‌شود اولویت‌های تخصیص بودجه را با توجه به درجه بهره‌مندی استان‌ها مشخص کنند.

measuring and ranking the index of development opportunities in the provinces of iran

equality of development opportunities is one of the socio-economic goals and a basic prerequisite for achieving economic stability and integrated progress in a country. in the present research, 69 development indicators related to cultural-social, educational, infrastructure, health-treatment, environmental and economic sectors were analyzed to identify and compare the development opportunities of 30 provinces of iran. shannon’s entropy method was used to determine the weights of the indicators and the topsis method was used to rank the provinces in terms of access to the opportunities of each sector. finally, by using the taxonomy technique, the degree of enjoyment of the provinces from a total of six opportunities was evaluated. the results show that there is a deep gap in the distribution and allocation of facilities and opportunities among the provinces of the country. tehran province was the most privileged and kurdistan, south khorasan, lorestan, west azerbaijan and north khorasan provinces were determined as the most deprived provinces. based on significant difference among provinces, it is recommended that the priorities of the budget allocation be determined according to the degrees of benefits for the provinces. introductionthe growth and development of regions is condemned to be asynchronous; unequal and unbalanced development of different regions is one of the main challenges in most countries and economics. due to many geographical, demographic and economic factors, iran is prone to all kinds of regional inequalities and imbalances and is by no means an exception. the lack of balance among the provinces of a country can cause many harms, including damage to national unity, income gap, and limited areas enjoying the desired level of development and intensifying deprivation in other areas, immigration, geographic density, poverty, injustice and finally stopping development in all dimensions. the basic question that regional economic theorists try to answer is why some regions are more developed and growing faster than others and some are declining. in response to this controversial question, it is necessary to mention that the regional difference can be seen as a clear manifestation of the lack of equal access to opportunities, because inequalities are largely rooted in unequal opportunities. therefore, the way of allocating resources and opportunities in societies is one of the important factors determining the distribution pattern of their growth and development. methods and materialthe purpose of this study is to investigate, identify and analyze the situation of iran provinces in terms of development opportunities during the period of 2006-2019. for this purpose, it is tried to calculate the index of development opportunities by using a comprehensive set of development indicators that are closely related to equal opportunities and also we use multi-criteria decision-making method, and then the provinces of iran according to the degree of prosperity are ranked and classified. we also combine the sub-indices to make one-dimensional indices, by using topsis technique with weighted entropy for six main indices; these indicators are: 1. socio-cultural dimension, 2. economic dimension, 3. health-treatment dimension, 4. infrastructural dimension, 5. educational dimension and 6. environmental dimension. then, by using taxonomy method, we combine six indices, to separate and grade provinces into five homogeneous groups based on the level of access to development opportunities.the statistical population includes all provinces of iran (thirty provinces including alborz province in tehran province). the data has been extracted from the most important database of the country, namely the portal of the statistical center of iran, while the time period has been limited according to the availability of provincial data.