ارتباط بین حمایت اجتماعی و کیفیت فعالیت روزمره سالمندان جامعه روستایی

اهداف: روند رو به رشد پدیده سالمندی، لزوم توجه به فعالیت روزمره سالمندان و حمایت اجتماعی آنان را به عنوان عامل موثری در ارتقای سلامت سالمندان مطرح می‌کند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی ارتباط بین حمایت اجتماعی و متغیرهای زمینه‌ای با سطح فعالیت روزمره سالمندان در سالمندان جامعه روستایی بود. مواد و روش ها: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه مقطعی از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی است که با مشارکت 430 نفر از سالمندان شصت سال و بالاتر جامعه روستایی (شهرستان بیضا در 45کیلومتری شیراز) با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس در سال 1397 انجام شد. ابزار‌های سنجش، پرسش‌نامه حمایت اجتماعی پروسیدانو و هلر و مقیاس فعالیت روزمره سالمندان (adls) بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری spss نسخه 25 و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره و رگرسیون خطی ساده انجام شد.یافته ها: میانگین نمره حمایت اجتماعی درک‌شده 16/55 ±5/16 و میانگین نمره فعالیت روزمره سالمندان 10/07 ±55/3 بود. حمایت اجتماعی، سطح تحصیلات و سن متغیرهای تاثیرگذار بر اﻧﺠﺎم فعالیت روزمره سالمندان بودند (0/001>p). اما وضعیت تاهل و جنس مولفه‌های اثرگذاری بر سطح فعالیت روزمره سالمندان نبودند (0/05 نتیجه گیری: متغیرهای زیادی بر سطح فعالیت روزمره سالمندان تاثیرگذار هستند و حمایت اجتماعی عامل مهم و تاثیرگذار بر فعالیت روزمره سالمندان است. ﺣﻤﺎیﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان یﮏ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺛرﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ جسمی و روحی ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان می‌تواند ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان یﮏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎیﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در راﺳﺘﺎی ﭘﻮیﺎیﯽ و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Relationship of Perceived Social Support With the Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults Living in Rural Communities in Iran

Objectives: The increasing trend in aging population raises the need to pay attention to the daily activities of the elderly and their social support as an effective factor in promoting their health. This study aims to investigate the correlation of perceived social support and demographic variables with the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in older adults living in rural communities in Iran.Methods Materials: This is a descriptiveanalytical study with crosssectional design conducted on 430 elderly people aged ge;60 years living in a rural community in Iran (Bayza county located 45 km away from Shiraz city) who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Procidano Heller rsquo;s Perceived Social Support Family Scale (PSSFa) and the ADL scale for the elderly were used for data collection. The ADL questionnaire rsquo;s internal consistency by calculating Cronbach rsquo;s alpha coefficient was obtained 0.96. The PSSFa with a Cronbach rsquo;s alpha coefficient ranging from 0.88 to 0.91 has acceptable internal consistency. The reliability of its Persian version using Cronbach rsquo;s alpha coefficient was obtained 87%. Data were analyzed in SPSS V. 25 software using multivariate ANOVA and regression analysis.Results: The mean ±SD age of the participants was 69.67 ±7.067 years. The mean score of PSSFa and the ADL scale was reported 16.55 ± 5.16 and 55.10 ±3.07, respectively. Perceived social support, education and age had significant effect correlation with the ability to perform ADL in the elderly (P<0.001), while marital status and gender showed no significant correlation (P>0.05). The age factor was inversely correlated with the ability to perform ADL; hence, the independence of older adults decreases with the increase of age.Conclusion: Many demographic variables and social support affect the ability to perform ADL in the elderly. Social support can be used as a social investment to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, considering that one of the duties of health care providers is to improve the health status of the elderly, it is necessary for health care providers to increase social support and maintain and promote a healthy and active life for them through educational programs and periodic physical examinations.