ارتباط وضعیت تغذیه با عزت نفس و شادکامی سالمندان مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهرستان آمل، ایران 1401

سابقه و هدف: سالمندی به الگوی ویژه‌ای از دگرگونی‌های طبیعی زندگی گفته می‌شود که با افزایش سن انسان‌ها پدید می‌آید و با افزایش سن، سالمندان دچار مشکلات متعددی ازجمله کاهش امید، شادکامی و عزت‌نفس می‌شوند که ممکن است مراقبت از خود، به ویژه تغذیه را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه بین تغذیه با عزت نفس و شادکامی سالمندان، انجام پذیرفت.مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی از نوع همبستگی، بود و با رعایت ضوابط اخلاقی و کسب رضایت آگاهانه از شرکت‌کنندگان، انجام گرفت. نمونه‌گیری پژوهش در این مطالعه، به روش چند مرحله‌ای (نسبتی و تصادفی ساده) بود. ابتدا از بین 18 مرکز بهداشتی درمانی شهرستان آمل، 7 مرکز به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد، سپس مجددا به صورت تصادفی ساده و به روش قرعه کشی از میان جامعه هدف (افراد سالمند)، تا رسیدن به حجم مورد نظر مطالعه، در سال 1401 انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده به این صورت بود که لیستی از افراد واجد شرایط مطالعه در مرکز بهداشتی درمانی منتخب تهیه کرده سپس به روش قرعه کشی تعداد نمونه لازم را انتخاب گردید. معیارهای ورود به مطالعه شامل سن بالای 60 سال، ساکن شهرستان آمل، عدم وجود مشکلاتی نظیر ناتوانی ذهنی حاد، عدم وجود اختلال شناختی (با استفاده از ابزار amt)، آلزایمر و عدم سرطان و توانایی برقراری ارتباط بود و عدم همکاری در طی اجرای مطالعه به‌عنوان معیار خروج در نظر گرفته شد. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل پرسشنامه‌های جمعیت شناختی، بررسی وضعیت شناختی، افسردگی سالمندان، شادکامی، عزت نفس و فعالیت‌های ابزاری بود. داده‌ها با آزمون‌های توصیفی (فراوانی، میانگین و انحراف معیار) و استنباطی (همبستگی کانونی و parameter stimates) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین سن شرکت‌کنندگان (60 تا 81 سال) برابر با 4/64±65/92 و میانگین شاخص توده بدنی شرکت‌کنندگان2/54±23/75 بوده است. 14 درصد سالمندان دچار کمبود وزن و33 درصد نیز اضافه وزن داشتند. 12 درصد در معرض خطر سوءتغذیه قرار داشتند. بیش تر سالمندان دارای شادکامی (99 درصد) و عزت نفس (59 درصد) بالایی بودند و ضریب همبستگی شادکامی و عزت نفس 0/387وده است. در نتیجه در این مطالعه تغذیه با عزت نفس و شادکامی سالمندان ارتباط معنی‌دار نداشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که شادکامی و عزت نفس سالمندان با یکدیگر رابطه معنی‌دار مثبت داشتند(p<0/001).با توجه به مقدار 0/05

relationship between nutritional status with self-esteem and happiness in the elderly in health centers in amol, iran 20231

background and purpose: aging is said to be a special pattern of natural changes in life that occurs as people age with increasing age, the elderly suffer from several problems, including a decrease in hope, happiness, and self-esteem, which may affect self-care, especially nutrition. therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrition and self-esteem and happiness of the elderlymaterials and methods: the present study was a descriptive-analytical study of the correlation type, and following the ethical standards and obtaining informed consent from the company. the research began research sampling in this study was by multi-stage method (proportional and simple random). first, among the 18 health centers of amel city, 7 centers were randomly selected, then again, by simple random and lottery method from among the target population (elderly people), until reaching the desired volume of the study, in 1401 became simple random sampling was done by preparing a list of people eligible for the study in the selected health care center, then we selected the required number of samples by lottery. the inclusion criteria included being over 60 years old, living in amel city, the absence of problems such as acute mental disability, the absence of cognitive impairment (using amt, alzheimer’s, and cancer), and the ability to communicate. non-cooperation during the implementation of the study was considered as an exit criterion. the tools used included demographic questionnaires, cognitive status assessment, elderly depression, happiness, self-esteem, and instrumental activities. the data were analyzed with descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (focal correlation and parameter estimates) tests.results: the results showed that the average age of the participants (60 to 81 years) was equal to 65.92±4.64 and the average body mass index of the participants was 23.75±2.54. 14% of the elderly were underweight and 33% were overweight. 12% were at risk of malnutrition. most of the elderly had high happiness (99%) and high self-esteem (59%). the correlation coefficient of happiness and self-esteem is 0.378. as a result, in this study, nutrition had no significant relationship with the self-esteem and happiness of the elderly. also, the results showed that the happiness and self-esteem of the elderly had a significant positive relationship with each other(p<0.001). according to the value of p>0.050, there is no relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and the total score of the supplementary examination and nutrition. according to the value of p<0.050, it means that there is a relationship between the self-esteem of the elderly and happiness, but by observing the value of r square=0.045, this relationship is very insignificant. it can be said that only 4% of self-esteem changes are due to happiness there is no statistically significant relationship between the family self-esteem component and happiness(p>0.05). in other components of self-esteem, there is a statistically significant relationship with happiness(p<0.05). also, there is no relationship between happiness with the total score of the supplementary examination and the total score of nutrition, p>0.050conclusion: this research was a descriptive-analytical correlation study. the results of this study showed that there is a relationship between happiness and self-esteem of the elderly. however, there was no statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and nutrition of the elderly. in general, according to the results of this research, it is suggested to pay attention to the role of general self-esteem, social self-esteem, and occupational self-esteem in the happiness of the elderly. considering the expansion of the elderly population in iran and the importance of paying attention to the physical and mental health of the elderly, the results of this research can be useful for planning to improve the capabilities of the elderly.