نقش حمل‌ونقل هوشمند در توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی شهر (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر تهران)

نظریۀ توسعه‌پایدار شهری یکی از شاخصه‌های رسیدن به توسعه‌پایدار را گسترش حمل‌و‌نقل عمومی کارآمد در شهرها می‌داند؛ چراکه سامانه‌‌های حمل‌ونقل نقش بسزایی در پیشبرد نظام توسعه‌شهری در چارچوب توسعه‌پایدار دارند، امّا مشکلات مربوط به حمل‌ونقل باعث شده تا تامین حمل‌ونقل ایمن و کارا یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائل پیش‌روی اغلب کشورها باشد؛ لذا لازم است به توسعۀ زیرساخت‌های حمل‌ونقل و گونه‌های مختلف آن توجه بیش‌تری شود. براین‌‌پایه، پژوهش حاضر قصد دارد نقش حمل‌ونقل هوشمند به‌خصوص تاکسی‌های اینترنتی را در توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی -پایدار شهری مورد مطالعه قرار دهد که براساس هدف جزء تحقیقات کاربردی و برمبنای ماهیت و روش جزء تحقیقات توصیفی- تحلیلی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، شهر تهران می‌باشد که اعضای آن از میان نمونه‌های دردسترس جهت مطالعه و بررسی انتخاب شده‌اند. داده‌ها به دو صورت میدانی و کتابخانه‌ای جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ، مورد تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که بین شاخص توسعه اقتصادی و امکانات حمل‌و‌نقل هوشمند و همچنین شاخص توسعه اجتماعی- فرهنگی با خدمات حمل‌و‌نقل هوشمند، هیچ همبستگی معناداری وجود ندارد. در بررسی تفکیکی شاخص‌ها، بیش‌ترین تاثیر تاکسی‌های اینترنتی در بعد اقتصادی بر ایجاد فرصت شغل جانبی است و در بخش تاثیرات اجتماعی- فرهنگی نیز بیش‌ترین تاثیرات بر کیفیت زندگی مردم شهر، صرفه‌جویی در زمان شهروندان و مسافران و عدالت فضایی شهر؛ یعنی دسترسی به خدمات و امکانات تاکسی اینترنتی در هر زمان و مکان و برای همه بوده است.

explaining the role of smart transportation in the socio-economic development of the city (case study: tehran)

extended abstractintroductiondue to the problems related to the provision of transportation infrastructure, the managers of the countries have decided to investigate the advances in technology in order to find a solution to overcome the transportation problems, and seek to solve these problems with a method other than the traditional methods of the past. (jabbari et al, 2012). of course, in the meantime, city officials are doing their best to achieve safe, fast, convenient and economical transportation, but transportation imposes a lot of social, economic and environmental costs and damages on the country due to the lack of a cross-sectoral approach and the inefficiency of facilities and equipment (ahadi and barimani, 2011), and there is a difference of opinion about the concepts of the nature of transportation and sustainable urban development or sustainable development in urban construction as well as the feasibility of that approach (rezania and etal, 2017); while sustainable transportation policies seek to find methods that provide the possibility of proper access for all sections of society, adjust economic costs and reduce environmental pollution.an approach has been considered with regard to the development of cities and special attention to the sustainable development of the city in the future that can help us in reaching a sustainable city and realizing the ideal of a sustainable city, and it is nothing but the smart transportation system approach. the smart transportation system (its) refers to a general term for the combined application of communication, control and information processing technologies for transportation systems that leads to saving in human lives, time, money, energy and provides environmental benefits (tumlin, 2012).methodologythis study is considered to be applied research based on the objective and descriptive-analytical research based on its nature and method. the population of the research is tehran, whose members were selected for study and investigation using a convenience sampling method. the data were collected using both field and library methods with tools such as: books, articles, theses, publications, statistics, maps, the internet, researcher-made questionnaires and interview cards. cronbach’s alpha method was used for the reliability of the data collection tool, and its value was 9.19. the studied samples were selected (100 people) based on availability and the knowledge and expertise required by a targeted or judgmental non-probability approach. the studied indicators were analyzed with the help of spss software (pearson’s correlation test and multiple regression) simultaneously. results and discussion the index and value of average effects have been used to measure the number of effects. in total, smart transportation has a medium to high impact on the economic development of tehran and the average score of 3.35 confirms this. in the separate analysis of indicators, the greatest impact of smart transportation has been on the creation of side job opportunities, which, with an average of 4.13 is the only indicator on which the system has had a great impact. in the socio-cultural sector, smart transportation (internet taxi) has had a great impact on the quality of life of the city’s residents by saving the time for citizens and passengers, strengthening their satisfaction with the living environment of tehran and creating mental and psychological comfort, and improving the mental security of citizens. additionally, this system has a relatively large impact on the spatial justice of the city; meaning access to transportation services and facilities at any time and place for everyone. according to the average results of types of transportation, the urban subway has had a significant impact on sustainable development (economic- and social) and is more smart than other transportation systems. also, the effects of brt buses and then internet taxis have also been observed at a high level.in the section on the possibilities of smart transportation, it should be noted that their overall effects were evaluated at a high level with an average of 4.25, indicating high user satisfaction. some of the most important smart transportation facilities in tehran include map routing facilities, online information to the driver regarding traffic, weather, accidents, and other relevant information, electronic payment facilities for: fares, parking and tolls and car and driver information report to the passenger, which has a very high impact on the development of tehran. furthermore, all smart transportation services have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of tehran. the most important and effective tools and services of smart transportation in tehran are route finders, location tracker app, traffic light control system, speedometers and user notification systems. the most significant difference is observed in the evaluation of the effects from the perspective of the satisfaction index and the disparity in people’s satisfaction with smart transportation has caused the difference in their evaluation in economic, socio-cultural dimensions. moreover, there is a significant difference in evaluating the effects of transportation services and facilities from the perspective of their use of smart transportation. conclusionthe intellectualization of transportation infrastructures is considered an innovation that needs to be examined for the needs, structure, goals, power, and potential of each city in order to have a greater and more positive impact and development, and the appropriate system should be implemented based on these components. comprehensive, diverse facilities and services that are appropriate to the economic-social conditions of the society and its people can play an effective role in the level of use and satisfaction of people and ultimately the sustainable development of the city. according to the survey results of the studied population’s members (experts in this field), 50% of them believe that intelligent transportation plays a significant role in the sustainable development of the city. according to the same survey, this system has had a moderate impact (38 and 32% of the population) on the quantity and quality of roads particularly in constructing  (new roads and passages and in creating facilities and services on roads and passages based on this system; this is because 38% believed that the city’s infrastructure and facilities are not suitable for this type of transportation.